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Documents authored by Gupta, Anupam

Document
APPROX
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.13
The Average-Value Allocation Problem

Authors: Kshipra Bhawalkar, Zhe Feng, Anupam Gupta, Aranyak Mehta, David Wajc, and Di Wang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 317, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024)

Abstract
We initiate the study of centralized algorithms for welfare-maximizing allocation of goods to buyers subject to average-value constraints. We show that this problem is NP-hard to approximate beyond a factor of e/(e-1), and provide a 4e/(e-1)-approximate offline algorithm. For the online setting, we show that no non-trivial approximations are achievable under adversarial arrivals. Under i.i.d. arrivals, we present a polytime online algorithm that provides a constant approximation of the optimal (computationally-unbounded) online algorithm. In contrast, we show that no constant approximation of the ex-post optimum is achievable by an online algorithm.
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Kshipra Bhawalkar, Zhe Feng, Anupam Gupta, Aranyak Mehta, David Wajc, and Di Wang. The Average-Value Allocation Problem. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 317, pp. 13:1-13:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bhawalkar_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.13,
  author =	{Bhawalkar, Kshipra and Feng, Zhe and Gupta, Anupam and Mehta, Aranyak and Wajc, David and Wang, Di},
  title =	{{The Average-Value Allocation Problem}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-348-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{317},
  editor =	{Kumar, Amit and Ron-Zewi, Noga},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-210062},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Resource allocation, return-on-spend constraint, approximation algorithm, online algorithm}
}
Document
APPROX
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.12
Efficient Algorithms and Hardness Results for the Weighted k-Server Problem

Authors: Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, and Debmalya Panigrahi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 275, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023)

Abstract
In this paper, we study the weighted k-server problem on the uniform metric in both the offline and online settings. We start with the offline setting. In contrast to the (unweighted) k-server problem which has a polynomial-time solution using min-cost flows, there are strong computational lower bounds for the weighted k-server problem, even on the uniform metric. Specifically, we show that assuming the unique games conjecture, there are no polynomial-time algorithms with a sub-polynomial approximation factor, even if we use c-resource augmentation for c < 2. Furthermore, if we consider the natural LP relaxation of the problem, then obtaining a bounded integrality gap requires us to use at least 𝓁 resource augmentation, where 𝓁 is the number of distinct server weights. We complement these results by obtaining a constant-approximation algorithm via LP rounding, with a resource augmentation of (2+ε)𝓁 for any constant ε > 0. In the online setting, an exp(k) lower bound is known for the competitive ratio of any randomized algorithm for the weighted k-server problem on the uniform metric. In contrast, we show that 2𝓁-resource augmentation can bring the competitive ratio down by an exponential factor to only O(𝓁² log 𝓁). Our online algorithm uses the two-stage approach of first obtaining a fractional solution using the online primal-dual framework, and then rounding it online.
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Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, and Debmalya Panigrahi. Efficient Algorithms and Hardness Results for the Weighted k-Server Problem. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 275, pp. 12:1-12:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{gupta_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.12,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam and Kumar, Amit and Panigrahi, Debmalya},
  title =	{{Efficient Algorithms and Hardness Results for the Weighted k-Server Problem}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-296-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{275},
  editor =	{Megow, Nicole and Smith, Adam},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-188375},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: Online Algorithms, Weighted k-server, Integrality Gap, Hardness}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.12
Graph Searching with Predictions

Authors: Siddhartha Banerjee, Vincent Cohen-Addad, Anupam Gupta, and Zhouzi Li

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 251, 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023)

Abstract
Consider an agent exploring an unknown graph in search of some goal state. As it walks around the graph, it learns the nodes and their neighbors. The agent only knows where the goal state is when it reaches it. How do we reach this goal while moving only a small distance? This problem seems hopeless, even on trees of bounded degree, unless we give the agent some help. This setting with "help" often arises in exploring large search spaces (e.g., huge game trees) where we assume access to some score/quality function for each node, which we use to guide us towards the goal. In our case, we assume the help comes in the form of distance predictions: each node v provides a prediction f(v) of its distance to the goal vertex. Naturally if these predictions are correct, we can reach the goal along a shortest path. What if the predictions are unreliable and some of them are erroneous? Can we get an algorithm whose performance relates to the error of the predictions? In this work, we consider the problem on trees and give deterministic algorithms whose total movement cost is only O(OPT + Δ ⋅ ERR), where OPT is the distance from the start to the goal vertex, Δ the maximum degree, and the ERR is the total number of vertices whose predictions are erroneous. We show this guarantee is optimal. We then consider a "planning" version of the problem where the graph and predictions are known at the beginning, so the agent can use this global information to devise a search strategy of low cost. For this planning version, we go beyond trees and give an algorithms which gets good performance on (weighted) graphs with bounded doubling dimension.
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Siddhartha Banerjee, Vincent Cohen-Addad, Anupam Gupta, and Zhouzi Li. Graph Searching with Predictions. In 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 251, pp. 12:1-12:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{banerjee_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.12,
  author =	{Banerjee, Siddhartha and Cohen-Addad, Vincent and Gupta, Anupam and Li, Zhouzi},
  title =	{{Graph Searching with Predictions}},
  booktitle =	{14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-263-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{251},
  editor =	{Tauman Kalai, Yael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-175158},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: Algorithms with predictions, network algorithms, graph search}
}
Document
Invited Talk
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2022.1
Algorithms for Uncertain Environments: Going Beyond the Worst-Case (Invited Talk)

Authors: Anupam Gupta

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 250, 42nd IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2022)

Abstract
Analyzing the performance of algorithms in both the worst case and the average case are cornerstones of computer science: these are two different ways to understand how well algorithms perform. Over the past two decades, there has been a concerted effort to understand the performance of algorithms in models that go beyond these two extremes. In this talk I will discuss some of the proposed models and approaches, particularly for problems related to online algorithms, where decisions must be made sequentially without knowing future portions of the input.
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Anupam Gupta. Algorithms for Uncertain Environments: Going Beyond the Worst-Case (Invited Talk). In 42nd IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 250, p. 1:1, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{gupta:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2022.1,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam},
  title =	{{Algorithms for Uncertain Environments: Going Beyond the Worst-Case}},
  booktitle =	{42nd IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2022)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:1},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-261-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{250},
  editor =	{Dawar, Anuj and Guruswami, Venkatesan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2022.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-173933},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2022.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Optimization under Uncertainty, Online Algorithms, Beyond Worst Case Analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.120
Probing to Minimize

Authors: Weina Wang, Anupam Gupta, and Jalani K. Williams

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 215, 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)

Abstract
We develop approximation algorithms for set-selection problems with deterministic constraints, but random objective values, i.e., stochastic probing problems. When the goal is to maximize the objective, approximation algorithms for probing problems are well-studied. On the other hand, few techniques are known for minimizing the objective, especially in the adaptive setting, where information about the random objective is revealed during the set-selection process and allowed to influence it. For minimization problems in particular, incorporating adaptivity can have a considerable effect on performance. In this work, we seek approximation algorithms that compare well to the optimal adaptive policy. We develop new techniques for adaptive minimization, applying them to a few problems of interest. The core technique we develop here is an approximate reduction from an adaptive expectation minimization problem to a set of adaptive probability minimization problems which we call threshold problems. By providing near-optimal solutions to these threshold problems, we obtain bicriteria adaptive policies. We apply this method to obtain an adaptive approximation algorithm for the Min-Element problem, where the goal is to adaptively pick random variables to minimize the expected minimum value seen among them, subject to a knapsack constraint. This partially resolves an open problem raised in [Goel et al., 2010]. We further consider three extensions on the Min-Element problem, where our objective is the sum of the smallest k element-weights, or the weight of the min-weight basis of a given matroid, or where the constraint is not given by a knapsack but by a matroid constraint. For all three of the variations we explore, we develop adaptive approximation algorithms for their corresponding threshold problems, and prove their near-optimality via coupling arguments.
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Weina Wang, Anupam Gupta, and Jalani K. Williams. Probing to Minimize. In 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 215, pp. 120:1-120:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{wang_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.120,
  author =	{Wang, Weina and Gupta, Anupam and Williams, Jalani K.},
  title =	{{Probing to Minimize}},
  booktitle =	{13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)},
  pages =	{120:1--120:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-217-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{215},
  editor =	{Braverman, Mark},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.120},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-157169},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.120},
  annote =	{Keywords: approximation algorithms, stochastic probing, minimization}
}
Document
APPROX
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.3
Bag-Of-Tasks Scheduling on Related Machines

Authors: Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, and Sahil Singla

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 207, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2021)

Abstract
We consider online scheduling to minimize weighted completion time on related machines, where each job consists of several tasks that can be concurrently executed. A job gets completed when all its component tasks finish. We obtain an O(K³ log² K)-competitive algorithm in the non-clairvoyant setting, where K denotes the number of distinct machine speeds. The analysis is based on dual-fitting on a precedence-constrained LP relaxation that may be of independent interest.
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Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, and Sahil Singla. Bag-Of-Tasks Scheduling on Related Machines. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 207, pp. 3:1-3:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{gupta_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.3,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam and Kumar, Amit and Singla, Sahil},
  title =	{{Bag-Of-Tasks Scheduling on Related Machines}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2021)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-207-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{207},
  editor =	{Wootters, Mary and Sanit\`{a}, Laura},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-146967},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: approximation algorithms, scheduling, bag-of-tasks, related machines}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.77
Structural Iterative Rounding for Generalized k-Median Problems

Authors: Anupam Gupta, Benjamin Moseley, and Rudy Zhou

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 198, 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)

Abstract
This paper considers approximation algorithms for generalized k-median problems. This class of problems can be informally described as k-median with a constant number of extra constraints, and includes k-median with outliers, and knapsack median. Our first contribution is a pseudo-approximation algorithm for generalized k-median that outputs a 6.387-approximate solution with a constant number of fractional variables. The algorithm is based on iteratively rounding linear programs, and the main technical innovation comes from understanding the rich structure of the resulting extreme points. Using our pseudo-approximation algorithm, we give improved approximation algorithms for k-median with outliers and knapsack median. This involves combining our pseudo-approximation with pre- and post-processing steps to round a constant number of fractional variables at a small increase in cost. Our algorithms achieve approximation ratios 6.994 + ε and 6.387 + ε for k-median with outliers and knapsack median, respectively. These both improve on the best known approximations.
Cite as

Anupam Gupta, Benjamin Moseley, and Rudy Zhou. Structural Iterative Rounding for Generalized k-Median Problems. In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 198, pp. 77:1-77:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{gupta_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.77,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam and Moseley, Benjamin and Zhou, Rudy},
  title =	{{Structural Iterative Rounding for Generalized k-Median Problems}},
  booktitle =	{48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)},
  pages =	{77:1--77:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-195-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{198},
  editor =	{Bansal, Nikhil and Merelli, Emanuela and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.77},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-141465},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.77},
  annote =	{Keywords: approximation algorithms, clustering, linear programming}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2020.23
Online Carpooling Using Expander Decompositions

Authors: Anupam Gupta, Ravishankar Krishnaswamy, Amit Kumar, and Sahil Singla

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 182, 40th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2020)

Abstract
We consider the online carpooling problem: given n vertices, a sequence of edges arrive over time. When an edge e_t = (u_t, v_t) arrives at time step t, the algorithm must orient the edge either as v_t → u_t or u_t → v_t, with the objective of minimizing the maximum discrepancy of any vertex, i.e., the absolute difference between its in-degree and out-degree. Edges correspond to pairs of persons wanting to ride together, and orienting denotes designating the driver. The discrepancy objective then corresponds to every person driving close to their fair share of rides they participate in. In this paper, we design efficient algorithms which can maintain polylog(n,T) maximum discrepancy (w.h.p) over any sequence of T arrivals, when the arriving edges are sampled independently and uniformly from any given graph G. This provides the first polylogarithmic bounds for the online (stochastic) carpooling problem. Prior to this work, the best known bounds were O(√{n log n})-discrepancy for any adversarial sequence of arrivals, or O(log log n)-discrepancy bounds for the stochastic arrivals when G is the complete graph. The technical crux of our paper is in showing that the simple greedy algorithm, which has provably good discrepancy bounds when the arriving edges are drawn uniformly at random from the complete graph, also has polylog discrepancy when G is an expander graph. We then combine this with known expander-decomposition results to design our overall algorithm.
Cite as

Anupam Gupta, Ravishankar Krishnaswamy, Amit Kumar, and Sahil Singla. Online Carpooling Using Expander Decompositions. In 40th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 182, pp. 23:1-23:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{gupta_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2020.23,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam and Krishnaswamy, Ravishankar and Kumar, Amit and Singla, Sahil},
  title =	{{Online Carpooling Using Expander Decompositions}},
  booktitle =	{40th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2020)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-174-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{182},
  editor =	{Saxena, Nitin and Simon, Sunil},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2020.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-132647},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2020.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: Online Algorithms, Discrepancy Minimization, Carpooling}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2020.32
Robust Algorithms for the Secretary Problem

Authors: Domagoj Bradac, Anupam Gupta, Sahil Singla, and Goran Zuzic

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 151, 11th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2020)

Abstract
In classical secretary problems, a sequence of n elements arrive in a uniformly random order, and we want to choose a single item, or a set of size K. The random order model allows us to escape from the strong lower bounds for the adversarial order setting, and excellent algorithms are known in this setting. However, one worrying aspect of these results is that the algorithms overfit to the model: they are not very robust. Indeed, if a few "outlier" arrivals are adversarially placed in the arrival sequence, the algorithms perform poorly. E.g., Dynkin’s popular 1/e-secretary algorithm is sensitive to even a single adversarial arrival: if the adversary gives one large bid at the beginning of the stream, the algorithm does not select any element at all. We investigate a robust version of the secretary problem. In the Byzantine Secretary model, we have two kinds of elements: green (good) and red (rogue). The values of all elements are chosen by the adversary. The green elements arrive at times uniformly randomly drawn from [0,1]. The red elements, however, arrive at adversarially chosen times. Naturally, the algorithm does not see these colors: how well can it solve secretary problems? We show that selecting the highest value red set, or the single largest green element is not possible with even a small fraction of red items. However, on the positive side, we show that these are the only bad cases, by giving algorithms which get value comparable to the value of the optimal green set minus the largest green item. (This benchmark reminds us of regret minimization and digital auctions, where we subtract an additive term depending on the "scale" of the problem.) Specifically, we give an algorithm to pick K elements, which gets within (1-ε) factor of the above benchmark, as long as K ≥ poly(ε^{-1} log n). We extend this to the knapsack secretary problem, for large knapsack size K. For the single-item case, an analogous benchmark is the value of the second-largest green item. For value-maximization, we give a poly log^* n-competitive algorithm, using a multi-layered bucketing scheme that adaptively refines our estimates of second-max over time. For probability-maximization, we show the existence of a good randomized algorithm, using the minimax principle. We hope that this work will spur further research on robust algorithms for the secretary problem, and for other problems in sequential decision-making, where the existing algorithms are not robust and often tend to overfit to the model.
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Domagoj Bradac, Anupam Gupta, Sahil Singla, and Goran Zuzic. Robust Algorithms for the Secretary Problem. In 11th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 151, pp. 32:1-32:26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bradac_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2020.32,
  author =	{Bradac, Domagoj and Gupta, Anupam and Singla, Sahil and Zuzic, Goran},
  title =	{{Robust Algorithms for the Secretary Problem}},
  booktitle =	{11th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2020)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:26},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-134-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{151},
  editor =	{Vidick, Thomas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2020.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-117171},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2020.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: stochastic optimization, robust optimization, secretary problem, matroid secretary, robust secretary}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.42
Tight FPT Approximations for k-Median and k-Means

Authors: Vincent Cohen-Addad, Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, Euiwoong Lee, and Jason Li

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)

Abstract
We investigate the fine-grained complexity of approximating the classical k-Median/k-Means clustering problems in general metric spaces. We show how to improve the approximation factors to (1+2/e+epsilon) and (1+8/e+epsilon) respectively, using algorithms that run in fixed-parameter time. Moreover, we show that we cannot do better in FPT time, modulo recent complexity-theoretic conjectures.
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Vincent Cohen-Addad, Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, Euiwoong Lee, and Jason Li. Tight FPT Approximations for k-Median and k-Means. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 42:1-42:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{cohenaddad_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.42,
  author =	{Cohen-Addad, Vincent and Gupta, Anupam and Kumar, Amit and Lee, Euiwoong and Li, Jason},
  title =	{{Tight FPT Approximations for k-Median and k-Means}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{42:1--42:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.42},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-106182},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.42},
  annote =	{Keywords: approximation algorithms, fixed-parameter tractability, k-median, k-means, clustering, core-sets}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.63
Non-Clairvoyant Precedence Constrained Scheduling

Authors: Naveen Garg, Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, and Sahil Singla

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)

Abstract
We consider the online problem of scheduling jobs on identical machines, where jobs have precedence constraints. We are interested in the demanding setting where the jobs sizes are not known up-front, but are revealed only upon completion (the non-clairvoyant setting). Such precedence-constrained scheduling problems routinely arise in map-reduce and large-scale optimization. For minimizing the total weighted completion time, we give a constant-competitive algorithm. And for total weighted flow-time, we give an O(1/epsilon^2)-competitive algorithm under (1+epsilon)-speed augmentation and a natural "no-surprises" assumption on release dates of jobs (which we show is necessary in this context). Our algorithm proceeds by assigning virtual rates to all waiting jobs, including the ones which are dependent on other uncompleted jobs. We then use these virtual rates to decide on the actual rates of minimal jobs (i.e., jobs which do not have dependencies and hence are eligible to run). Interestingly, the virtual rates are obtained by allocating time in a fair manner, using a Eisenberg-Gale-type convex program (which we can solve optimally using a primal-dual scheme). The optimality condition of this convex program allows us to show dual-fitting proofs more easily, without having to guess and hand-craft the duals. This idea of using fair virtual rates may have broader applicability in scheduling problems.
Cite as

Naveen Garg, Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, and Sahil Singla. Non-Clairvoyant Precedence Constrained Scheduling. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 63:1-63:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{garg_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.63,
  author =	{Garg, Naveen and Gupta, Anupam and Kumar, Amit and Singla, Sahil},
  title =	{{Non-Clairvoyant Precedence Constrained Scheduling}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{63:1--63:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.63},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-106394},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.63},
  annote =	{Keywords: Online algorithms, Scheduling, Primal-Dual analysis, Nash welfare}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.67
Stochastic Online Metric Matching

Authors: Anupam Gupta, Guru Guruganesh, Binghui Peng, and David Wajc

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)

Abstract
We study the minimum-cost metric perfect matching problem under online i.i.d arrivals. We are given a fixed metric with a server at each of the points, and then requests arrive online, each drawn independently from a known probability distribution over the points. Each request has to be matched to a free server, with cost equal to the distance. The goal is to minimize the expected total cost of the matching. Such stochastic arrival models have been widely studied for the maximization variants of the online matching problem; however, the only known result for the minimization problem is a tight O(log n)-competitiveness for the random-order arrival model. This is in contrast with the adversarial model, where an optimal competitive ratio of O(log n) has long been conjectured and remains a tantalizing open question. In this paper, we show that the i.i.d model admits substantially better algorithms: our main result is an O((log log log n)^2)-competitive algorithm in this model, implying a strict separation between the i.i.d model and the adversarial and random order models. Along the way we give a 9-competitive algorithm for the line and tree metrics - the first O(1)-competitive algorithm for any non-trivial arrival model for these much-studied metrics.
Cite as

Anupam Gupta, Guru Guruganesh, Binghui Peng, and David Wajc. Stochastic Online Metric Matching. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 67:1-67:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{gupta_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.67,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam and Guruganesh, Guru and Peng, Binghui and Wajc, David},
  title =	{{Stochastic Online Metric Matching}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{67:1--67:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.67},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-106430},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.67},
  annote =	{Keywords: stochastic, online, online matching, metric matching}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.51
Fully-Dynamic Bin Packing with Little Repacking

Authors: Björn Feldkord, Matthias Feldotto, Anupam Gupta, Guru Guruganesh, Amit Kumar, Sören Riechers, and David Wajc

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 107, 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)

Abstract
We study the classic bin packing problem in a fully-dynamic setting, where new items can arrive and old items may depart. We want algorithms with low asymptotic competitive ratio while repacking items sparingly between updates. Formally, each item i has a movement cost c_i >= 0, and we want to use alpha * OPT bins and incur a movement cost gamma * c_i, either in the worst case, or in an amortized sense, for alpha, gamma as small as possible. We call gamma the recourse of the algorithm. This is motivated by cloud storage applications, where fully-dynamic bin packing models the problem of data backup to minimize the number of disks used, as well as communication incurred in moving file backups between disks. Since the set of files changes over time, we could recompute a solution periodically from scratch, but this would give a high number of disk rewrites, incurring a high energy cost and possible wear and tear of the disks. In this work, we present optimal tradeoffs between number of bins used and number of items repacked, as well as natural extensions of the latter measure.
Cite as

Björn Feldkord, Matthias Feldotto, Anupam Gupta, Guru Guruganesh, Amit Kumar, Sören Riechers, and David Wajc. Fully-Dynamic Bin Packing with Little Repacking. In 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 107, pp. 51:1-51:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{feldkord_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.51,
  author =	{Feldkord, Bj\"{o}rn and Feldotto, Matthias and Gupta, Anupam and Guruganesh, Guru and Kumar, Amit and Riechers, S\"{o}ren and Wajc, David},
  title =	{{Fully-Dynamic Bin Packing with Little Repacking}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)},
  pages =	{51:1--51:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-076-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{107},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Kaklamanis, Christos and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Sannella, Donald},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.51},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-90556},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.51},
  annote =	{Keywords: Bin Packing, Fully Dynamic, Recourse, Tradeoffs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.70
Non-Preemptive Flow-Time Minimization via Rejections

Authors: Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, and Jason Li

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 107, 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)

Abstract
We consider the online problem of minimizing weighted flow-time on unrelated machines. Although much is known about this problem in the resource-augmentation setting, these results assume that jobs can be preempted. We give the first constant-competitive algorithm for the non-preemptive setting in the rejection model. In this rejection model, we are allowed to reject an epsilon-fraction of the total weight of jobs, and compare the resulting flow-time to that of the offline optimum which is required to schedule all jobs. This is arguably the weakest assumption in which such a result is known for weighted flow-time on unrelated machines. While our algorithms are simple, we need a delicate argument to bound the flow-time. Indeed, we use the dual-fitting framework, with considerable more machinery to certify that the cost of our algorithm is within a constant of the optimum while only a small fraction of the jobs are rejected.
Cite as

Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, and Jason Li. Non-Preemptive Flow-Time Minimization via Rejections. In 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 107, pp. 70:1-70:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{gupta_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.70,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam and Kumar, Amit and Li, Jason},
  title =	{{Non-Preemptive Flow-Time Minimization via Rejections}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)},
  pages =	{70:1--70:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-076-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{107},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Kaklamanis, Christos and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Sannella, Donald},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.70},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-90740},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.70},
  annote =	{Keywords: Scheduling, Rejection, Unrelated Machines, Non-Preemptive}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.71
Maximizing Profit with Convex Costs in the Random-order Model

Authors: Anupam Gupta, Ruta Mehta, and Marco Molinaro

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 107, 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)

Abstract
Suppose a set of requests arrives online: each request gives some value v_i if accepted, but requires using some amount of each of d resources. Our cost is a convex function of the vector of total utilization of these d resources. Which requests should be accept to maximize our profit, i.e., the sum of values of the accepted demands, minus the convex cost? We consider this problem in the random-order a.k.a. secretary model, and show an O(d)-competitive algorithm for the case where the convex cost function is also supermodular. If the set of accepted demands must also be independent in a given matroid, we give an O(d^3 alpha)-competitive algorithm for the supermodular case, and an improved O(d^2 alpha) if the convex cost function is also separable. Here alpha is the competitive ratio of the best algorithm for the submodular secretary problem. These extend and improve previous results known for this problem. Our techniques are simple but use powerful ideas from convex duality, which give clean interpretations of existing work, and allow us to give the extensions and improvements.
Cite as

Anupam Gupta, Ruta Mehta, and Marco Molinaro. Maximizing Profit with Convex Costs in the Random-order Model. In 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 107, pp. 71:1-71:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{gupta_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.71,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam and Mehta, Ruta and Molinaro, Marco},
  title =	{{Maximizing Profit with Convex Costs in the Random-order Model}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)},
  pages =	{71:1--71:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-076-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{107},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Kaklamanis, Christos and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Sannella, Donald},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.71},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-90751},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.71},
  annote =	{Keywords: Online algorithms, secretary problem, random order, convex duality}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.31
A Local-Search Algorithm for Steiner Forest

Authors: Martin Groß, Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, Jannik Matuschke, Daniel R. Schmidt, Melanie Schmidt, and José Verschae

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 94, 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018)

Abstract
In the Steiner Forest problem, we are given a graph and a collection of source-sink pairs, and the goal is to find a subgraph of minimum total length such that all pairs are connected. The problem is APX-Hard and can be 2-approximated by, e.g., the elegant primal-dual algorithm of Agrawal, Klein, and Ravi from 1995. We give a local-search-based constant-factor approximation for the problem. Local search brings in new techniques to an area that has for long not seen any improvements and might be a step towards a combinatorial algorithm for the more general survivable network design problem. Moreover, local search was an essential tool to tackle the dynamic MST/Steiner Tree problem, whereas dynamic Steiner Forest is still wide open. It is easy to see that any constant factor local search algorithm requires steps that add/drop many edges together. We propose natural local moves which, at each step, either (a) add a shortest path in the current graph and then drop a bunch of inessential edges, or (b) add a set of edges to the current solution. This second type of moves is motivated by the potential function we use to measure progress, combining the cost of the solution with a penalty for each connected component. Our carefully-chosen local moves and potential function work in tandem to eliminate bad local minima that arise when using more traditional local moves. Our analysis first considers the case where the local optimum is a single tree, and shows optimality w.r.t. moves that add a single edge (and drop a set of edges) is enough to bound the locality gap. For the general case, we show how to "project" the optimal solution onto the different trees of the local optimum without incurring too much cost (and this argument uses optimality w.r.t. both kinds of moves), followed by a tree-by-tree argument. We hope both the potential function, and our analysis techniques will be useful to develop and analyze local-search algorithms in other contexts.
Cite as

Martin Groß, Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, Jannik Matuschke, Daniel R. Schmidt, Melanie Schmidt, and José Verschae. A Local-Search Algorithm for Steiner Forest. In 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 94, pp. 31:1-31:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{gro_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.31,
  author =	{Gro{\ss}, Martin and Gupta, Anupam and Kumar, Amit and Matuschke, Jannik and Schmidt, Daniel R. and Schmidt, Melanie and Verschae, Jos\'{e}},
  title =	{{A Local-Search Algorithm for Steiner Forest}},
  booktitle =	{9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018)},
  pages =	{31:1--31:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-060-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{94},
  editor =	{Karlin, Anna R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.31},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-83134},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.31},
  annote =	{Keywords: Local Search, Steiner Forest, Approximation Algorithms, Network Design}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2017.7
Stochastic Unsplittable Flows

Authors: Anupam Gupta and Archit Karandikar

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 81, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2017)

Abstract
We consider the stochastic unsplittable flow problem: given a graph with edge-capacities, and source-sink pairs with each pair having a size and a value, the goal is to route the pairs unsplittably while respecting edge capacities to maximize the total value of the routed pairs. However, the size of each pair is a random variable and is revealed only after we decide to route that pair. Which pairs should we route, along which paths, and in what order so as to maximize the expected value? We present results for several cases of the problem under the no-bottleneck assumption. We show a logarithmic approximation algorithm for the single-sink problem on general graphs, considerably improving on the prior results of Chawla and Roughgarden which worked for planar graphs. We present an approximation to the stochastic unsplittable flow problem on directed acyclic graphs, within less than a logarithmic factor of the best known approximation in the non-stochastic setting. We present a non-adaptive strategy on trees that is within a constant factor of the best adaptive strategy, asymptotically matching the best results for the non-stochastic unsplittable flow problem on trees. Finally, we give results for the stochastic unsplittable flow problem on general graphs. Our techniques include using edge-confluent flows for the single-sink problem in order to control the interaction between flow-paths, and a reduction from general scheduling policies to "safe" ones (i.e., those guaranteeing no capacity violations), which may be of broader interest.
Cite as

Anupam Gupta and Archit Karandikar. Stochastic Unsplittable Flows. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 81, pp. 7:1-7:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{gupta_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2017.7,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam and Karandikar, Archit},
  title =	{{Stochastic Unsplittable Flows}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2017)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-044-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{81},
  editor =	{Jansen, Klaus and Rolim, Jos\'{e} D. P. and Williamson, David P. and Vempala, Santosh S.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2017.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-75569},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2017.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximation Algorithms, Stochastic optimization, confluent flows, unsplittable flows}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.66
Approximation Algorithms for Aversion k-Clustering via Local k-Median

Authors: Anupam Gupta, Guru Guruganesh, and Melanie Schmidt

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 55, 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)

Abstract
In the aversion k-clustering problem, given a metric space, we want to cluster the points into k clusters. The cost incurred by each point is the distance to the furthest point in its cluster, and the cost of the clustering is the sum of all these per-point-costs. This problem is motivated by questions in generating automatic abstractions of extensive-form games. We reduce this problem to a "local" k-median problem where each facility has a prescribed radius and can only connect to clients within that radius. Our main results is a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the aversion k-clustering problem via the local k-median problem. We use a primal-dual approach; our technical contribution is a non-local rounding step which we feel is of broader interest.
Cite as

Anupam Gupta, Guru Guruganesh, and Melanie Schmidt. Approximation Algorithms for Aversion k-Clustering via Local k-Median. In 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 55, pp. 66:1-66:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{gupta_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.66,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam and Guruganesh, Guru and Schmidt, Melanie},
  title =	{{Approximation Algorithms for Aversion k-Clustering via Local k-Median}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)},
  pages =	{66:1--66:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-013-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{55},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Mitzenmacher, Michael and Rabani, Yuval and Sangiorgi, Davide},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.66},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-62180},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.66},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximation algorithms, clustering, k-median, primal-dual}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2015.96
A 2-Competitive Algorithm For Online Convex Optimization With Switching Costs

Authors: Nikhil Bansal, Anupam Gupta, Ravishankar Krishnaswamy, Kirk Pruhs, Kevin Schewior, and Cliff Stein

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 40, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2015)

Abstract
We consider a natural online optimization problem set on the real line. The state of the online algorithm at each integer time is a location on the real line. At each integer time, a convex function arrives online. In response, the online algorithm picks a new location. The cost paid by the online algorithm for this response is the distance moved plus the value of the function at the final destination. The objective is then to minimize the aggregate cost over all time. The motivating application is rightsizing power-proportional data centers. We give a 2-competitive algorithm for this problem. We also give a 3-competitive memoryless algorithm, and show that this is the best competitive ratio achievable by a deterministic memoryless algorithm. Finally we show that this online problem is strictly harder than the standard ski rental problem.
Cite as

Nikhil Bansal, Anupam Gupta, Ravishankar Krishnaswamy, Kirk Pruhs, Kevin Schewior, and Cliff Stein. A 2-Competitive Algorithm For Online Convex Optimization With Switching Costs. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 40, pp. 96-109, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@InProceedings{bansal_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2015.96,
  author =	{Bansal, Nikhil and Gupta, Anupam and Krishnaswamy, Ravishankar and Pruhs, Kirk and Schewior, Kevin and Stein, Cliff},
  title =	{{A 2-Competitive Algorithm For Online Convex Optimization With Switching Costs}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2015)},
  pages =	{96--109},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-89-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{40},
  editor =	{Garg, Naveen and Jansen, Klaus and Rao, Anup and Rolim, Jos\'{e} D. P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2015.96},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-52970},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2015.96},
  annote =	{Keywords: Stochastic, Scheduling}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.10211.1
10211 Abstracts Collection – Flexible Network Design

Authors: Anupam Gupta, Stefano Leonardi, Berthold Vöcking, and Roger Wattenhofer

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10211, Flexible Network Design (2010)

Abstract
From Monday 24.05.2010---Friday 28.05.2010, the Dagstuhl Seminar 10211 ``Flexible Network Design '' was held in Schloss Dagstuhl~--~Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.
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Anupam Gupta, Stefano Leonardi, Berthold Vöcking, and Roger Wattenhofer. 10211 Abstracts Collection – Flexible Network Design. In Flexible Network Design. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10211, pp. 1-15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2010)

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@InProceedings{gupta_et_al:DagSemProc.10211.1,
  author =	{Gupta, Anupam and Leonardi, Stefano and V\"{o}cking, Berthold and Wattenhofer, Roger},
  title =	{{10211 Abstracts Collection – Flexible Network Design}},
  booktitle =	{Flexible Network Design},
  pages =	{1--15},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2010},
  volume =	{10211},
  editor =	{Anupam Gupta and Stefano Leonardi and Berthold V\"{o}cking and Roger Wattenhofer},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.10211.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-27279},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.10211.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Network Design, Approximation Algorithms, Game Theory and Mechanism Design, Wireless Networks}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09511.6
Differentially Private Combinatorial Optimization

Authors: Kunal Talwar, Anupam Gupta, Katrina Ligett, Frank McSherry, and Aaron Roth

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9511, Parameterized complexity and approximation algorithms (2010)

Abstract
Consider the following problem: given a metric space, some of whose points are ``clients,'' select a set of at most $k$ facility locations to minimize the average distance from the clients to their nearest facility. This is just the well-studied $k$-median problem, for which many approximation algorithms and hardness results are known. Note that the objective function encourages opening facilities in areas where there are many clients, and given a solution, it is often possible to get a good idea of where the clients are located. This raises the following quandary: what if the locations of the clients are sensitive information that we would like to keep private? emph{Is it even possible to design good algorithms for this problem that preserve the privacy of the clients?} In this paper, we initiate a systematic study of algorithms for discrete optimization problems in the framework of differential privacy (which formalizes the idea of protecting the privacy of individual input elements). We show that many such problems indeed have good approximation algorithms that preserve differential privacy; this is even in cases where it is impossible to preserve cryptographic definitions of privacy while computing any non-trivial approximation to even the emph{value} of an optimal solution, let alone the entire solution. Apart from the $k$-median problem, we consider the problems of vertex and set cover, min-cut, facility location, and Steiner tree, and give approximation algorithms and lower bounds for these problems. We also consider the recently introduced submodular maximization problem, ``Combinatorial Public Projects'' (CPP), shown by Papadimitriou et al. cite{PSS08} to be inapproximable to subpolynomial multiplicative factors by any efficient and emph{truthful} algorithm. We give a differentially private (and hence approximately truthful) algorithm that achieves a logarithmic additive approximation. Joint work with Anupam Gupta, Katrina Ligett, Frank McSherry and Aaron Roth.
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Kunal Talwar, Anupam Gupta, Katrina Ligett, Frank McSherry, and Aaron Roth. Differentially Private Combinatorial Optimization. In Parameterized complexity and approximation algorithms. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9511, pp. 1-31, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2010)

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@InProceedings{talwar_et_al:DagSemProc.09511.6,
  author =	{Talwar, Kunal and Gupta, Anupam and Ligett, Katrina and McSherry, Frank and Roth, Aaron},
  title =	{{Differentially Private Combinatorial Optimization}},
  booktitle =	{Parameterized complexity and approximation algorithms},
  pages =	{1--31},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2010},
  volume =	{9511},
  editor =	{Erik D. Demaine and MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi and D\'{a}niel Marx},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09511.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-24986},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09511.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Differential Privacy, Approximation Algorithms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2008.1753
All-Norms and All-L_p-Norms Approximation Algorithms

Authors: Daniel Golovin, Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, and Kanat Tangwongsan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 2, IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (2008)

Abstract
In many optimization problems, a solution can be viewed as ascribing a ``cost\'\' to each client, and the goal is to optimize some aggregation of the per-client costs. We often optimize some $L_p$-norm (or some other symmetric convex function or norm) of the vector of costs---though different applications may suggest different norms to use. Ideally, we could obtain a solution that optimizes several norms simultaneously. In this paper, we examine approximation algorithms that simultaneously perform well on all norms, or on all $L_p$ norms. A natural problem in this framework is the $L_p$ Set Cover problem, which generalizes \textsc{Set Cover} and \textsc{Min-Sum Set Cover}. We show that the greedy algorithm \emph{simultaneously gives a $(p + \ln p + O(1))$-approximation for all $p$, and show that this approximation ratio is optimal up to constants} under reasonable complexity-theoretic assumptions. We additionally show how to use our analysis techniques to give similar results for the more general \emph{submodular set cover}, and prove some results for the so-called \emph{pipelined set cover} problem. We then go on to examine approximation algorithms in the ``all-norms\'\' and the ``all-$L_p$-norms\'\' frameworks more broadly, and present algorithms and structural results for other problems such as $k$-facility-location, TSP, and average flow-time minimization, extending and unifying previously known results.
Cite as

Daniel Golovin, Anupam Gupta, Amit Kumar, and Kanat Tangwongsan. All-Norms and All-L_p-Norms Approximation Algorithms. In IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 2, pp. 199-210, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{golovin_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2008.1753,
  author =	{Golovin, Daniel and Gupta, Anupam and Kumar, Amit and Tangwongsan, Kanat},
  title =	{{All-Norms and All-L\underlinep-Norms Approximation Algorithms}},
  booktitle =	{IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science},
  pages =	{199--210},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-08-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{2},
  editor =	{Hariharan, Ramesh and Mukund, Madhavan and Vinay, V},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2008.1753},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-17537},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2008.1753},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximation algorithms, set-cover problems, combinatorial optimization, sampling minkowski norms}
}
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