290 Search Results for "Dawar, Anuj"

Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 254

40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023)

STACS 2023, March 7-9, 2023, Hamburg, Germany

Editors: Petra Berenbrink, Patricia Bouyer, Anuj Dawar, and Mamadou Moustapha Kanté

Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 250

42nd IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2022)

FSTTCS 2022, December 18-20, 2022, IIT Madras, Chennai, India

Editors: Anuj Dawar and Venkatesan Guruswami

Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 168

47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)

ICALP 2020, July 8-11, 2020, Saarbrücken, Germany (Virtual Conference)

Editors: Artur Czumaj, Anuj Dawar, and Emanuela Merelli

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.17
Local Enumeration and Majority Lower Bounds

Authors: Mohit Gurumukhani, Ramamohan Paturi, Pavel Pudlák, Michael Saks, and Navid Talebanfard

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 300, 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)

Abstract
Depth-3 circuit lower bounds and k-SAT algorithms are intimately related; the state-of-the-art Σ^k_3-circuit lower bound (Or-And-Or circuits with bottom fan-in at most k) and the k-SAT algorithm of Paturi, Pudlák, Saks, and Zane (J. ACM'05) are based on the same combinatorial theorem regarding k-CNFs. In this paper we define a problem which reveals new interactions between the two, and suggests a concrete approach to significantly stronger circuit lower bounds and improved k-SAT algorithms. For a natural number k and a parameter t, we consider the Enum(k, t) problem defined as follows: given an n-variable k-CNF and an initial assignment α, output all satisfying assignments at Hamming distance t(n) of α, assuming that there are no satisfying assignments of Hamming distance less than t(n) of α. We observe that an upper bound b(n, k, t) on the complexity of Enum(k, t) simultaneously implies depth-3 circuit lower bounds and k-SAT algorithms: - Depth-3 circuits: Any Σ^k_3 circuit computing the Majority function has size at least binom(n,n/2)/b(n, k, n/2). - k-SAT: There exists an algorithm solving k-SAT in time O(∑_{t=1}^{n/2}b(n, k, t)). A simple construction shows that b(n, k, n/2) ≥ 2^{(1 - O(log(k)/k))n}. Thus, matching upper bounds for b(n, k, n/2) would imply a Σ^k_3-circuit lower bound of 2^Ω(log(k)n/k) and a k-SAT upper bound of 2^{(1 - Ω(log(k)/k))n}. The former yields an unrestricted depth-3 lower bound of 2^ω(√n) solving a long standing open problem, and the latter breaks the Super Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis. In this paper, we propose a randomized algorithm for Enum(k, t) and introduce new ideas to analyze it. We demonstrate the power of our ideas by considering the first non-trivial instance of the problem, i.e., Enum(3, n/2). We show that the expected running time of our algorithm is 1.598ⁿ, substantially improving on the trivial bound of 3^{n/2} ≃ 1.732ⁿ. This already improves Σ^3_3 lower bounds for Majority function to 1.251ⁿ. The previous bound was 1.154ⁿ which follows from the work of Håstad, Jukna, and Pudlák (Comput. Complex.'95). By restricting ourselves to monotone CNFs, Enum(k, t) immediately becomes a hypergraph Turán problem. Therefore our techniques might be of independent interest in extremal combinatorics.
Cite as

Mohit Gurumukhani, Ramamohan Paturi, Pavel Pudlák, Michael Saks, and Navid Talebanfard. Local Enumeration and Majority Lower Bounds. In 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 300, pp. 17:1-17:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{gurumukhani_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2024.17,
  author =	{Gurumukhani, Mohit and Paturi, Ramamohan and Pudl\'{a}k, Pavel and Saks, Michael and Talebanfard, Navid},
  title =	{{Local Enumeration and Majority Lower Bounds}},
  booktitle =	{39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-331-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{300},
  editor =	{Santhanam, Rahul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204136},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: Depth 3 circuits, k-CNF satisfiability, Circuit lower bounds, Majority function}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.23
Engineering A* Search for the Flip Distance of Plane Triangulations

Authors: Philip Mayer and Petra Mutzel

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 301, 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)

Abstract
The flip distance for two triangulations of a point set is defined as the smallest number of edge flips needed to transform one triangulation into another, where an edge flip is the act of replacing an edge of a triangulation by a different edge such that the result remains a triangulation. We adapt and engineer a sophisticated A* search algorithm acting on the so-called flip graph. In particular, we prove that previously proposed lower bounds for the flip distance form consistent heuristics for A* and show that they can be computed efficiently using dynamic algorithms. As an alternative approach, we present an integer linear program (ILP) for the flip distance problem. We experimentally evaluate our approaches on a new real-world benchmark data set based on an application in geodesy, namely sea surface reconstruction. Our evaluation reveals that A* search consistently outperforms our ILP formulation as well as a naive baseline, which is bidirectional breadth-first search. In particular, the runtime of our approach improves upon the baseline by more than two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, our A* search successfully solves most of the considered sea surface instances with up to 41 points. This is a substantial improvement compared to the baseline, which struggles with subsets of the real-world data of size 25. Lastly, to allow the consideration of global sea level data, we developed a decomposition-based heuristic for the flip distance. In our experiments it yields optimal flip distance values for most of the considered sea level data and it can be applied to large data sets due to its fast runtime.
Cite as

Philip Mayer and Petra Mutzel. Engineering A* Search for the Flip Distance of Plane Triangulations. In 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 301, pp. 23:1-23:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{mayer_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2024.23,
  author =	{Mayer, Philip and Mutzel, Petra},
  title =	{{Engineering A* Search for the Flip Distance of Plane Triangulations}},
  booktitle =	{22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-325-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{301},
  editor =	{Liberti, Leo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203887},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: Computational Geometry, Triangulations, Flip Distance, A-star Search, Integer Linear Programming}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.10
Second-Order Generalised Algebraic Theories: Signatures and First-Order Semantics

Authors: Ambrus Kaposi and Szumi Xie

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
Programming languages can be defined from the concrete to the abstract by abstract syntax trees, well-scoped syntax, well-typed (intrinsic) syntax, algebraic syntax (well-typed syntax quotiented by conversion). Another aspect is the representation of binding structure for which nominal approaches, De Bruijn indices/levels and higher order abstract syntax (HOAS) are available. In HOAS, binders are given by the function space of an internal language of presheaves. In this paper, we show how to combine the algebraic approach with the HOAS approach: following Uemura, we define languages as second-order generalised algebraic theories (SOGATs). Through a series of examples we show that non-substructural languages can be naturally defined as SOGATs. We give a formal definition of SOGAT signatures (using the syntax of a particular SOGAT) and define two translations from SOGAT signatures to GAT signatures (signatures for quotient inductive-inductive types), based on parallel and single substitutions, respectively.
Cite as

Ambrus Kaposi and Szumi Xie. Second-Order Generalised Algebraic Theories: Signatures and First-Order Semantics. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 10:1-10:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{kaposi_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.10,
  author =	{Kaposi, Ambrus and Xie, Szumi},
  title =	{{Second-Order Generalised Algebraic Theories: Signatures and First-Order Semantics}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203396},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Type theory, universal algebra, inductive types, quotient inductive types, higher-order abstract syntax, logical framework}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.11
Optimizing a Non-Deterministic Abstract Machine with Environments

Authors: Małgorzata Biernacka, Dariusz Biernacki, Sergueï Lenglet, and Alan Schmitt

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
Non-deterministic abstract machine (NDAM) is a recent implementation model for programming languages where one must choose among several redexes at each reduction step, like process calculi. These machines can be derived from a zipper semantics, a mix between structural operational semantics and context-based reduction semantics. Such a machine has been generated also for the λ-calculus without a fixed reduction strategy, i.e., with the full non-deterministic β-reduction. In that machine, substitution is an external operation that replaces all the occurrences of a variable at once. Implementing substitution with environments is more low-level and more efficient as variables are replaced only when needed. In this paper, we define a NDAM with environments for the λ-calculus without a fixed reduction strategy. We also introduce other optimizations, including a form of refocusing, and we show that we can restrict our optimized NDAM to recover some of the usual λ-calculus machines, e.g., the Krivine Abstract Machine. Most of the improvements we propose in this work could be applied to other NDAMs as well.
Cite as

Małgorzata Biernacka, Dariusz Biernacki, Sergueï Lenglet, and Alan Schmitt. Optimizing a Non-Deterministic Abstract Machine with Environments. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 11:1-11:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{biernacka_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.11,
  author =	{Biernacka, Ma{\l}gorzata and Biernacki, Dariusz and Lenglet, Sergue\"{i} and Schmitt, Alan},
  title =	{{Optimizing a Non-Deterministic Abstract Machine with Environments}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203409},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Abstract machine, Explicit substitutions, Refocusing}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.15
Adjoint Natural Deduction

Authors: Junyoung Jang, Sophia Roshal, Frank Pfenning, and Brigitte Pientka

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
Adjoint logic is a general approach to combining multiple logics with different structural properties, including linear, affine, strict, and (ordinary) intuitionistic logics, where each proposition has an intrinsic mode of truth. It has been defined in the form of a sequent calculus because the central concept of independence is most clearly understood in this form, and because it permits a proof of cut elimination following standard techniques. In this paper we present a natural deduction formulation of adjoint logic and show how it is related to the sequent calculus. As a consequence, every provable proposition has a verification (sometimes called a long normal form). We also give a computational interpretation of adjoint logic in the form of a functional language and prove properties of computations that derive from the structure of modes, including freedom from garbage (for modes without weakening and contraction), strictness (for modes disallowing weakening), and erasure (based on a preorder between modes). Finally, we present a surprisingly subtle algorithm for type checking.
Cite as

Junyoung Jang, Sophia Roshal, Frank Pfenning, and Brigitte Pientka. Adjoint Natural Deduction. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 15:1-15:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{jang_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.15,
  author =	{Jang, Junyoung and Roshal, Sophia and Pfenning, Frank and Pientka, Brigitte},
  title =	{{Adjoint Natural Deduction}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203441},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Substructural Logic, Type Systems, Functional Programming}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.23
Mirroring Call-By-Need, or Values Acting Silly

Authors: Beniamino Accattoli and Adrienne Lancelot

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
Call-by-need evaluation for the λ-calculus can be seen as merging the best of call-by-name and call-by-value, namely the wise erasing behaviour of the former and the wise duplicating behaviour of the latter. To better understand how duplication and erasure can be combined, we design a degenerated calculus, dubbed call-by-silly, that is symmetric to call-by-need in that it merges the worst of call-by-name and call-by-value, namely silly duplications by-name and silly erasures by-value. We validate the design of the call-by-silly calculus via rewriting properties and multi types. In particular, we mirror the main theorem about call-by-need - that is, its operational equivalence with call-by-name - showing that call-by-silly and call-by-value induce the same contextual equivalence. This fact shows the blindness with respect to efficiency of call-by-value contextual equivalence. We also define a call-by-silly strategy and measure its length via tight multi types. Lastly, we prove that the call-by-silly strategy computes evaluation sequences of maximal length in the calculus.
Cite as

Beniamino Accattoli and Adrienne Lancelot. Mirroring Call-By-Need, or Values Acting Silly. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 23:1-23:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{accattoli_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.23,
  author =	{Accattoli, Beniamino and Lancelot, Adrienne},
  title =	{{Mirroring Call-By-Need, or Values Acting Silly}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203527},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: Lambda calculus, intersection types, call-by-value, call-by-need}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.14
Two-Dimensional Kripke Semantics I: Presheaves

Authors: G. A. Kavvos

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
The study of modal logic has witnessed tremendous development following the introduction of Kripke semantics. However, recent developments in programming languages and type theory have led to a second way of studying modalities, namely through their categorical semantics. We show how the two correspond.
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G. A. Kavvos. Two-Dimensional Kripke Semantics I: Presheaves. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 14:1-14:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{kavvos:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.14,
  author =	{Kavvos, G. A.},
  title =	{{Two-Dimensional Kripke Semantics I: Presheaves}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203438},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: modal logic, categorical semantics, Kripke semantics, duality, open maps}
}
Document
Invited Talk
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.1
Limits of Symmetric Computation (Invited Talk)

Authors: Anuj Dawar

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
I survey recent work on symmetric computation. A number of strands of work, from logic, circuit complexity, combinatorial optimization and other areas have converged on similar notions of symmetry in computation. This write-up of an invited talk gives a whirlwind tour through the results and pointers to the relevant literature.
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Anuj Dawar. Limits of Symmetric Computation (Invited Talk). In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 1:1-1:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{dawar:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.1,
  author =	{Dawar, Anuj},
  title =	{{Limits of Symmetric Computation}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:8},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201444},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Logic, Complexity Theory, Symmetric Computation}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.16
NP-Hardness of Testing Equivalence to Sparse Polynomials and to Constant-Support Polynomials

Authors: Omkar Baraskar, Agrim Dewan, Chandan Saha, and Pulkit Sinha

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
An s-sparse polynomial has at most s monomials with nonzero coefficients. The Equivalence Testing problem for sparse polynomials (ETsparse) asks to decide if a given polynomial f is equivalent to (i.e., in the orbit of) some s-sparse polynomial. In other words, given f ∈ 𝔽[𝐱] and s ∈ ℕ, ETsparse asks to check if there exist A ∈ GL(|𝐱|, 𝔽) and 𝐛 ∈ 𝔽^|𝐱| such that f(A𝐱 + 𝐛) is s-sparse. We show that ETsparse is NP-hard over any field 𝔽, if f is given in the sparse representation, i.e., as a list of nonzero coefficients and exponent vectors. This answers a question posed by Gupta, Saha and Thankey (SODA 2023) and also, more explicitly, by Baraskar, Dewan and Saha (STACS 2024). The result implies that the Minimum Circuit Size Problem (MCSP) is NP-hard for a dense subclass of depth-3 arithmetic circuits if the input is given in sparse representation. We also show that approximating the smallest s₀ such that a given s-sparse polynomial f is in the orbit of some s₀-sparse polynomial to within a factor of s^{1/3 - ε} is NP-hard for any ε > 0; observe that s-factor approximation is trivial as the input is s-sparse. Finally, we show that for any constant σ ≥ 6, checking if a polynomial (given in sparse representation) is in the orbit of some support-σ polynomial is NP-hard. Support of a polynomial f is the maximum number of variables present in any monomial of f. These results are obtained via direct reductions from the 3-SAT problem.
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Omkar Baraskar, Agrim Dewan, Chandan Saha, and Pulkit Sinha. NP-Hardness of Testing Equivalence to Sparse Polynomials and to Constant-Support Polynomials. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 16:1-16:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{baraskar_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.16,
  author =	{Baraskar, Omkar and Dewan, Agrim and Saha, Chandan and Sinha, Pulkit},
  title =	{{NP-Hardness of Testing Equivalence to Sparse Polynomials and to Constant-Support Polynomials}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201598},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Equivalence testing, MCSP, sparse polynomials, 3SAT}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.29
A Tight Monte-Carlo Algorithm for Steiner Tree Parameterized by Clique-Width

Authors: Narek Bojikian and Stefan Kratsch

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
Given a graph G = (V,E), a set T ⊆ V, and an integer b, the Steiner Tree problem asks whether G has a connected subgraph H with at most b vertices that spans all of T. This work presents a 3^k⋅ n^𝒪(1) time one-sided Monte-Carlo algorithm for solving Steiner Tree when additionally a clique-expression of width k is provided. Known lower bounds for less expressive parameters imply that this dependence on the clique-width of G is optimal assuming the Strong Exponential-Time Hypothesis (SETH). Indeed our work establishes that the parameter dependence of Steiner Tree is the same for any graph parameter between cutwidth and clique-width, assuming SETH. Our work contributes to the program of determining the exact parameterized complexity of fundamental hard problems relative to structural graph parameters such as treewidth, which was initiated by Lokshtanov et al. [SODA 2011 & TALG 2018] and which by now has seen a plethora of results. Since the cut-and-count framework of Cygan et al. [FOCS 2011 & TALG 2022], connectivity problems have played a key role in this program as they pose many challenges for developing tight upper and lower bounds. Recently, Hegerfeld and Kratsch [ESA 2023] gave the first application of the cut-and-count technique to problems parameterized by clique-width and obtained tight bounds for Connected Dominating Set and Connected Vertex Cover, leaving open the complexity of other benchmark connectivity problems such as Steiner Tree and Feedback Vertex Set. Our algorithm for Steiner Tree does not follow the cut-and-count technique and instead works with the connectivity patterns of partial solutions. As a first technical contribution we identify a special family of so-called complete patterns that has strong (existential) representation properties, and using these at least one solution will be preserved. Furthermore, there is a family of 3^k basis patterns that (parity) represents the complete patterns, i.e., it has the same number of solutions modulo two. Our main technical contribution, a new technique called "isolating a representative," allows us to leverage both forms of representation (existential and parity). Both complete patterns and isolation of a representative will likely be applicable to other (connectivity) problems.
Cite as

Narek Bojikian and Stefan Kratsch. A Tight Monte-Carlo Algorithm for Steiner Tree Parameterized by Clique-Width. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 29:1-29:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bojikian_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.29,
  author =	{Bojikian, Narek and Kratsch, Stefan},
  title =	{{A Tight Monte-Carlo Algorithm for Steiner Tree Parameterized by Clique-Width}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{29:1--29:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201728},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized complexity, Steiner tree, clique-width}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.33
Kernelization Dichotomies for Hitting Subgraphs Under Structural Parameterizations

Authors: Marin Bougeret, Bart M. P. Jansen, and Ignasi Sau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
For a fixed graph H, the H-Subgraph Hitting problem consists in deleting the minimum number of vertices from an input graph to obtain a graph without any occurrence of H as a subgraph. This problem can be seen as a generalization of Vertex Cover, which corresponds to the case H = K₂. We initiate a study of H-Subgraph Hitting from the point of view of characterizing structural parameterizations that allow for polynomial kernels, within the recently active framework of taking as the parameter the number of vertex deletions to obtain a graph in a "simple" class 𝒞. Our main contribution is to identify graph parameters that, when H-Subgraph Hitting is parameterized by the vertex-deletion distance to a class 𝒞 where any of these parameters is bounded, and assuming standard complexity assumptions and that H is biconnected, allow us to prove the following sharp dichotomy: the problem admits a polynomial kernel if and only if H is a clique. These new graph parameters are inspired by the notion of 𝒞-elimination distance introduced by Bulian and Dawar [Algorithmica 2016], and generalize it in two directions. Our results also apply to the version of the problem where one wants to hit H as an induced subgraph, and imply in particular, that the problems of hitting minors and hitting (induced) subgraphs have a substantially different behavior with respect to the existence of polynomial kernels under structural parameterizations.
Cite as

Marin Bougeret, Bart M. P. Jansen, and Ignasi Sau. Kernelization Dichotomies for Hitting Subgraphs Under Structural Parameterizations. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 33:1-33:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bougeret_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.33,
  author =	{Bougeret, Marin and Jansen, Bart M. P. and Sau, Ignasi},
  title =	{{Kernelization Dichotomies for Hitting Subgraphs Under Structural Parameterizations}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201766},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: hitting subgraphs, hitting induced subgraphs, parameterized complexity, polynomial kernel, complexity dichotomy, elimination distance}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.78
Isomorphism for Tournaments of Small Twin Width

Authors: Martin Grohe and Daniel Neuen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We prove that isomorphism of tournaments of twin width at most k can be decided in time k^O(log k) n^O(1). This implies that the isomorphism problem for classes of tournaments of bounded or moderately growing twin width is in polynomial time. By comparison, there are classes of undirected graphs of bounded twin width that are isomorphism complete, that is, the isomorphism problem for the classes is as hard as the general graph isomorphism problem. Twin width is a graph parameter that has been introduced only recently (Bonnet et al., FOCS 2020), but has received a lot of attention in structural graph theory since then. On directed graphs, it is functionally smaller than clique width. We prove that on tournaments (but not on general directed graphs) it is also functionally smaller than directed tree width (and thus, the same also holds for cut width and directed path width). Hence, our result implies that tournament isomorphism testing is also fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by any of these parameters. Our isomorphism algorithm heavily employs group-theoretic techniques. This seems to be necessary: as a second main result, we show that the combinatorial Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm does not decide isomorphism of tournaments of twin width at most 35 if its dimension is o(n). (Throughout this abstract, n is the order of the input graphs.)
Cite as

Martin Grohe and Daniel Neuen. Isomorphism for Tournaments of Small Twin Width. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 78:1-78:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{grohe_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.78,
  author =	{Grohe, Martin and Neuen, Daniel},
  title =	{{Isomorphism for Tournaments of Small Twin Width}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{78:1--78:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.78},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202216},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.78},
  annote =	{Keywords: tournament isomorphism, twin width, fixed-parameter tractability, Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm}
}
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