32 Search Results for "Charikar, Moses"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.7
Polynomial Pass Semi-Streaming Lower Bounds for K-Cores and Degeneracy

Authors: Sepehr Assadi, Prantar Ghosh, Bruno Loff, Parth Mittal, and Sagnik Mukhopadhyay

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 300, 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)

Abstract
The following question arises naturally in the study of graph streaming algorithms: Is there any graph problem which is "not too hard", in that it can be solved efficiently with total communication (nearly) linear in the number n of vertices, and for which, nonetheless, any streaming algorithm with Õ(n) space (i.e., a semi-streaming algorithm) needs a polynomial n^Ω(1) number of passes? Assadi, Chen, and Khanna [STOC 2019] were the first to prove that this is indeed the case. However, the lower bounds that they obtained are for rather non-standard graph problems. Our first main contribution is to present the first polynomial-pass lower bounds for natural "not too hard" graph problems studied previously in the streaming model: k-cores and degeneracy. We devise a novel communication protocol for both problems with near-linear communication, thus showing that k-cores and degeneracy are natural examples of "not too hard" problems. Indeed, previous work have developed single-pass semi-streaming algorithms for approximating these problems. In contrast, we prove that any semi-streaming algorithm for exactly solving these problems requires (almost) Ω(n^{1/3}) passes. The lower bound follows by a reduction from a generalization of the hidden pointer chasing (HPC) problem of Assadi, Chen, and Khanna, which is also the basis of their earlier semi-streaming lower bounds. Our second main contribution is improved round-communication lower bounds for the underlying communication problems at the basis of these reductions: - We improve the previous lower bound of Assadi, Chen, and Khanna for HPC to achieve optimal bounds for this problem. - We further observe that all current reductions from HPC can also work with a generalized version of this problem that we call MultiHPC, and prove an even stronger and optimal lower bound for this generalization. These two results collectively allow us to improve the resulting pass lower bounds for semi-streaming algorithms by a polynomial factor, namely, from n^{1/5} to n^{1/3} passes.
Cite as

Sepehr Assadi, Prantar Ghosh, Bruno Loff, Parth Mittal, and Sagnik Mukhopadhyay. Polynomial Pass Semi-Streaming Lower Bounds for K-Cores and Degeneracy. In 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 300, pp. 7:1-7:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{assadi_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2024.7,
  author =	{Assadi, Sepehr and Ghosh, Prantar and Loff, Bruno and Mittal, Parth and Mukhopadhyay, Sagnik},
  title =	{{Polynomial Pass Semi-Streaming Lower Bounds for K-Cores and Degeneracy}},
  booktitle =	{39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-331-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{300},
  editor =	{Santhanam, Rahul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204035},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph streaming, Lower bounds, Communication complexity, k-Cores and degeneracy}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.17
Local Enumeration and Majority Lower Bounds

Authors: Mohit Gurumukhani, Ramamohan Paturi, Pavel Pudlák, Michael Saks, and Navid Talebanfard

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 300, 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)

Abstract
Depth-3 circuit lower bounds and k-SAT algorithms are intimately related; the state-of-the-art Σ^k_3-circuit lower bound (Or-And-Or circuits with bottom fan-in at most k) and the k-SAT algorithm of Paturi, Pudlák, Saks, and Zane (J. ACM'05) are based on the same combinatorial theorem regarding k-CNFs. In this paper we define a problem which reveals new interactions between the two, and suggests a concrete approach to significantly stronger circuit lower bounds and improved k-SAT algorithms. For a natural number k and a parameter t, we consider the Enum(k, t) problem defined as follows: given an n-variable k-CNF and an initial assignment α, output all satisfying assignments at Hamming distance t(n) of α, assuming that there are no satisfying assignments of Hamming distance less than t(n) of α. We observe that an upper bound b(n, k, t) on the complexity of Enum(k, t) simultaneously implies depth-3 circuit lower bounds and k-SAT algorithms: - Depth-3 circuits: Any Σ^k_3 circuit computing the Majority function has size at least binom(n,n/2)/b(n, k, n/2). - k-SAT: There exists an algorithm solving k-SAT in time O(∑_{t=1}^{n/2}b(n, k, t)). A simple construction shows that b(n, k, n/2) ≥ 2^{(1 - O(log(k)/k))n}. Thus, matching upper bounds for b(n, k, n/2) would imply a Σ^k_3-circuit lower bound of 2^Ω(log(k)n/k) and a k-SAT upper bound of 2^{(1 - Ω(log(k)/k))n}. The former yields an unrestricted depth-3 lower bound of 2^ω(√n) solving a long standing open problem, and the latter breaks the Super Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis. In this paper, we propose a randomized algorithm for Enum(k, t) and introduce new ideas to analyze it. We demonstrate the power of our ideas by considering the first non-trivial instance of the problem, i.e., Enum(3, n/2). We show that the expected running time of our algorithm is 1.598ⁿ, substantially improving on the trivial bound of 3^{n/2} ≃ 1.732ⁿ. This already improves Σ^3_3 lower bounds for Majority function to 1.251ⁿ. The previous bound was 1.154ⁿ which follows from the work of Håstad, Jukna, and Pudlák (Comput. Complex.'95). By restricting ourselves to monotone CNFs, Enum(k, t) immediately becomes a hypergraph Turán problem. Therefore our techniques might be of independent interest in extremal combinatorics.
Cite as

Mohit Gurumukhani, Ramamohan Paturi, Pavel Pudlák, Michael Saks, and Navid Talebanfard. Local Enumeration and Majority Lower Bounds. In 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 300, pp. 17:1-17:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{gurumukhani_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2024.17,
  author =	{Gurumukhani, Mohit and Paturi, Ramamohan and Pudl\'{a}k, Pavel and Saks, Michael and Talebanfard, Navid},
  title =	{{Local Enumeration and Majority Lower Bounds}},
  booktitle =	{39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-331-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{300},
  editor =	{Santhanam, Rahul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204136},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: Depth 3 circuits, k-CNF satisfiability, Circuit lower bounds, Majority function}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.24
Distribution-Free Proofs of Proximity

Authors: Hugo Aaronson, Tom Gur, Ninad Rajgopal, and Ron D. Rothblum

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 300, 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)

Abstract
Motivated by the fact that input distributions are often unknown in advance, distribution-free property testing considers a setting in which the algorithmic task is to accept functions f: [n] → {0,1} having a certain property Π and reject functions that are ε-far from Π, where the distance is measured according to an arbitrary and unknown input distribution 𝒟 ∼ [n]. As usual in property testing, the tester is required to do so while making only a sublinear number of input queries, but as the distribution is unknown, we also allow a sublinear number of samples from the distribution 𝒟. In this work we initiate the study of distribution-free interactive proofs of proximity (df-IPPs) in which the distribution-free testing algorithm is assisted by an all powerful but untrusted prover. Our main result is that for any problem Π ∈ NC, any proximity parameter ε > 0, and any (trade-off) parameter τ ≤ √n, we construct a df-IPP for Π with respect to ε, that has query and sample complexities τ+O(1/ε), and communication complexity Õ(n/τ + 1/ε). For τ as above and sufficiently large ε (namely, when ε > τ/n), this result matches the parameters of the best-known general purpose IPPs in the standard uniform setting. Moreover, for such τ, its parameters are optimal up to poly-logarithmic factors under reasonable cryptographic assumptions for the same regime of ε as the uniform setting, i.e., when ε ≥ 1/τ. For smaller values of ε (i.e., when ε < τ/n), our protocol has communication complexity Ω(1/ε), which is worse than the Õ(n/τ) communication complexity of the uniform IPPs (with the same query complexity). With the aim of improving on this gap, we further show that for IPPs over specialised, but large distribution families, such as sufficiently smooth distributions and product distributions, the communication complexity can be reduced to Õ(n/τ^{1-o(1)}). In addition, we show that for certain natural families of languages, such as symmetric and (relaxed) self-correctable languages, it is possible to further improve the efficiency of distribution-free IPPs.
Cite as

Hugo Aaronson, Tom Gur, Ninad Rajgopal, and Ron D. Rothblum. Distribution-Free Proofs of Proximity. In 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 300, pp. 24:1-24:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{aaronson_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2024.24,
  author =	{Aaronson, Hugo and Gur, Tom and Rajgopal, Ninad and Rothblum, Ron D.},
  title =	{{Distribution-Free Proofs of Proximity}},
  booktitle =	{39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-331-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{300},
  editor =	{Santhanam, Rahul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204204},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: Property Testing, Interactive Proofs, Distribution-Free Property Testing}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.27
Baby PIH: Parameterized Inapproximability of Min CSP

Authors: Venkatesan Guruswami, Xuandi Ren, and Sai Sandeep

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 300, 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)

Abstract
The Parameterized Inapproximability Hypothesis (PIH) is the analog of the PCP theorem in the world of parameterized complexity. It asserts that no FPT algorithm can distinguish a satisfiable 2CSP instance from one which is only (1-ε)-satisfiable (where the parameter is the number of variables) for some constant 0 < ε < 1. We consider a minimization version of CSPs (Min-CSP), where one may assign r values to each variable, and the goal is to ensure that every constraint is satisfied by some choice among the r × r pairs of values assigned to its variables (call such a CSP instance r-list-satisfiable). We prove the following strong parameterized inapproximability for Min CSP: For every r ≥ 1, it is W[1]-hard to tell if a 2CSP instance is satisfiable or is not even r-list-satisfiable. We refer to this statement as "Baby PIH", following the recently proved Baby PCP Theorem (Barto and Kozik, 2021). Our proof adapts the combinatorial arguments underlying the Baby PCP theorem, overcoming some basic obstacles that arise in the parameterized setting. Furthermore, our reduction runs in time polynomially bounded in both the number of variables and the alphabet size, and thus implies the Baby PCP theorem as well.
Cite as

Venkatesan Guruswami, Xuandi Ren, and Sai Sandeep. Baby PIH: Parameterized Inapproximability of Min CSP. In 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 300, pp. 27:1-27:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{guruswami_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2024.27,
  author =	{Guruswami, Venkatesan and Ren, Xuandi and Sandeep, Sai},
  title =	{{Baby PIH: Parameterized Inapproximability of Min CSP}},
  booktitle =	{39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-331-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{300},
  editor =	{Santhanam, Rahul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204237},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized Inapproximability Hypothesis, Constraint Satisfaction Problems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.35
Finer-Grained Hardness of Kernel Density Estimation

Authors: Josh Alman and Yunfeng Guan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 300, 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)

Abstract
In batch Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) for a kernel function f : ℝ^m × ℝ^m → ℝ, we are given as input 2n points x^{(1)}, …, x^{(n)}, y^{(1)}, …, y^{(n)} ∈ ℝ^m in dimension m, as well as a vector v ∈ ℝⁿ. These inputs implicitly define the n × n kernel matrix K given by K[i,j] = f(x^{(i)}, y^{(j)}). The goal is to compute a vector v ∈ ℝⁿ which approximates K w, i.e., with || Kw - v||_∞ < ε ||w||₁. For illustrative purposes, consider the Gaussian kernel f(x,y) : = e^{-||x-y||₂²}. The classic approach to this problem is the famous Fast Multipole Method (FMM), which runs in time n ⋅ O(log^m(ε^{-1})) and is particularly effective in low dimensions because of its exponential dependence on m. Recently, as the higher-dimensional case m ≥ Ω(log n) has seen more applications in machine learning and statistics, new algorithms have focused on this setting: an algorithm using discrepancy theory, which runs in time O(n / ε), and an algorithm based on the polynomial method, which achieves inverse polynomial accuracy in almost linear time when the input points have bounded square diameter B < o(log n). A recent line of work has proved fine-grained lower bounds, with the goal of showing that the "curse of dimensionality" arising in FMM is necessary assuming the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH). Backurs et al. [NeurIPS 2017] first showed the hardness of a variety of Empirical Risk Minimization problems including KDE for Gaussian-like kernels in the case with high dimension m = Ω(log n) and large scale B = Ω(log n). Alman et al. [FOCS 2020] later developed new reductions in roughly this same parameter regime, leading to lower bounds for more general kernels, but only for very small error ε < 2^{- log^{Ω(1)} (n)}. In this paper, we refine the approach of Alman et al. to show new lower bounds in all parameter regimes, closing gaps between the known algorithms and lower bounds. For example: - In the setting where m = Clog n and B = o(log n), we prove Gaussian KDE requires n^{2-o(1)} time to achieve additive error ε < Ω(m/B)^{-m}, matching the performance of the polynomial method up to low-order terms. - In the low dimensional setting m = o(log n), we show that Gaussian KDE requires n^{2-o(1)} time to achieve ε such that log log (ε^{-1}) > ̃ Ω ((log n)/m), matching the error bound achievable by FMM up to low-order terms. To our knowledge, no nontrivial lower bound was previously known in this regime. Our approach also generalizes to any parameter regime and any kernel. For example, we achieve similar fine-grained hardness results for any kernel with slowly-decaying Taylor coefficients such as the Cauchy kernel. Our new lower bounds make use of an intricate analysis of the "counting matrix", a special case of the kernel matrix focused on carefully-chosen evaluation points. As a key technical lemma, we give a novel approach to bounding the entries of its inverse by using Schur polynomials from algebraic combinatorics.
Cite as

Josh Alman and Yunfeng Guan. Finer-Grained Hardness of Kernel Density Estimation. In 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 300, pp. 35:1-35:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{alman_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2024.35,
  author =	{Alman, Josh and Guan, Yunfeng},
  title =	{{Finer-Grained Hardness of Kernel Density Estimation}},
  booktitle =	{39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)},
  pages =	{35:1--35:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-331-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{300},
  editor =	{Santhanam, Rahul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.35},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204311},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.35},
  annote =	{Keywords: Kernel Density Estimation, Fine-Grained Complexity, Schur Polynomials}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.7
Local Search k-means++ with Foresight

Authors: Theo Conrads, Lukas Drexler, Joshua Könen, Daniel R. Schmidt, and Melanie Schmidt

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 301, 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)

Abstract
Since its introduction in 1957, Lloyd’s algorithm for k-means clustering has been extensively studied and has undergone several improvements. While in its original form it does not guarantee any approximation factor at all, Arthur and Vassilvitskii (SODA 2007) proposed k-means++ which enhances Lloyd’s algorithm by a seeding method which guarantees a 𝒪(log k)-approximation in expectation. More recently, Lattanzi and Sohler (ICML 2019) proposed LS++ which further improves the solution quality of k-means++ by local search techniques to obtain a 𝒪(1)-approximation. On the practical side, the greedy variant of k-means++ is often used although its worst-case behaviour is provably worse than for the standard k-means++ variant. We investigate how to improve LS++ further in practice. We study two options for improving the practical performance: (a) Combining LS++ with greedy k-means++ instead of k-means++, and (b) Improving LS++ by better entangling it with Lloyd’s algorithm. Option (a) worsens the theoretical guarantees of k-means++ but improves the practical quality also in combination with LS++ as we confirm in our experiments. Option (b) is our new algorithm, Foresight LS++. We experimentally show that FLS++ improves upon the solution quality of LS++. It retains its asymptotic runtime and its worst-case approximation bounds.
Cite as

Theo Conrads, Lukas Drexler, Joshua Könen, Daniel R. Schmidt, and Melanie Schmidt. Local Search k-means++ with Foresight. In 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 301, pp. 7:1-7:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{conrads_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2024.7,
  author =	{Conrads, Theo and Drexler, Lukas and K\"{o}nen, Joshua and Schmidt, Daniel R. and Schmidt, Melanie},
  title =	{{Local Search k-means++ with Foresight}},
  booktitle =	{22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-325-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{301},
  editor =	{Liberti, Leo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203727},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: k-means clustering, kmeans++, greedy, local search}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.5
An O(loglog n)-Approximation for Submodular Facility Location

Authors: Fateme Abbasi, Marek Adamczyk, Miguel Bosch-Calvo, Jarosław Byrka, Fabrizio Grandoni, Krzysztof Sornat, and Antoine Tinguely

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
In the Submodular Facility Location problem (SFL) we are given a collection of n clients and m facilities in a metric space. A feasible solution consists of an assignment of each client to some facility. For each client, one has to pay the distance to the associated facility. Furthermore, for each facility f to which we assign the subset of clients S^f, one has to pay the opening cost g(S^f), where g() is a monotone submodular function with g(emptyset)=0. SFL is APX-hard since it includes the classical (metric uncapacitated) Facility Location problem (with uniform facility costs) as a special case. Svitkina and Tardos [SODA'06] gave the current-best O(log n) approximation algorithm for SFL. The same authors pose the open problem whether SFL admits a constant approximation and provide such an approximation for a very restricted special case of the problem. We make some progress towards the solution of the above open problem by presenting an O(loglog n) approximation. Our approach is rather flexible and can be easily extended to generalizations and variants of SFL. In more detail, we achieve the same approximation factor for the natural generalizations of SFL where the opening cost of each facility f is of the form p_f + g(S^f) or w_f * g(S^f), where p_f, w_f >= 0 are input values. We also obtain an improved approximation algorithm for the related Universal Stochastic Facility Location problem. In this problem one is given a classical (metric) facility location instance and has to a priori assign each client to some facility. Then a subset of active clients is sampled from some given distribution, and one has to pay (a posteriori) only the connection and opening costs induced by the active clients. The expected opening cost of each facility f can be modelled with a submodular function of the set of clients assigned to f.
Cite as

Fateme Abbasi, Marek Adamczyk, Miguel Bosch-Calvo, Jarosław Byrka, Fabrizio Grandoni, Krzysztof Sornat, and Antoine Tinguely. An O(loglog n)-Approximation for Submodular Facility Location. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 5:1-5:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{abbasi_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.5,
  author =	{Abbasi, Fateme and Adamczyk, Marek and Bosch-Calvo, Miguel and Byrka, Jaros{\l}aw and Grandoni, Fabrizio and Sornat, Krzysztof and Tinguely, Antoine},
  title =	{{An O(loglog n)-Approximation for Submodular Facility Location}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201488},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: approximation algorithms, facility location, submodular facility location, universal stochastic facility location}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.15
List Update with Delays or Time Windows

Authors: Yossi Azar, Shahar Lewkowicz, and Danny Vainstein

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We address the problem of List Update, which is considered one of the fundamental problems in online algorithms and competitive analysis. In this context, we are presented with a list of elements and receive requests for these elements over time. Our objective is to fulfill these requests, incurring a cost proportional to their position in the list. Additionally, we can swap any two consecutive elements at a cost of 1. The renowned "Move to Front" algorithm, introduced by Sleator and Tarjan, immediately moves any requested element to the front of the list. They demonstrated that this algorithm achieves a competitive ratio of 2. While this bound is impressive, the actual cost of the algorithm’s solution can be excessively high. For example, if we request the last half of the list, the resulting solution cost becomes quadratic in the list’s length. To address this issue, we consider a more generalized problem called List Update with Time Windows. In this variant, each request arrives with a specific deadline by which it must be served, rather than being served immediately. Moreover, we allow the algorithm to process multiple requests simultaneously, accessing the corresponding elements in a single pass. The cost incurred in this case is determined by the position of the furthest element accessed, leading to a significant reduction in the total solution cost. We introduce this problem to explore lower solution costs, but it necessitates the development of new algorithms. For instance, Move-to-Front fails when handling the simple scenario of requesting the last half of the list with overlapping time windows. In our work, we present a natural O(1) competitive algorithm for this problem. While the algorithm itself is intuitive, its analysis is intricate, requiring the use of a novel potential function. Additionally, we delve into a more general problem called List Update with Delays, where the fixed deadlines are replaced with arbitrary delay functions. In this case, the cost includes not only the access and swapping costs, but also penalties for the delays incurred until the requests are served. This problem encompasses a special case known as the prize collecting version, where a request may go unserved up to a given deadline, resulting in a specified penalty. For this more comprehensive problem, we establish an O(1) competitive algorithm. However, the algorithm for the delay version is more complex, and its analysis involves significantly more intricate considerations.
Cite as

Yossi Azar, Shahar Lewkowicz, and Danny Vainstein. List Update with Delays or Time Windows. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 15:1-15:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{azar_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.15,
  author =	{Azar, Yossi and Lewkowicz, Shahar and Vainstein, Danny},
  title =	{{List Update with Delays or Time Windows}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201583},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Online, List Update, Delay, Time Window, Deadline}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.40
Streaming Edge Coloring with Subquadratic Palette Size

Authors: Shiri Chechik, Doron Mukhtar, and Tianyi Zhang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
In this paper, we study the problem of computing an edge-coloring in the (one-pass) W-streaming model. In this setting, the edges of an n-node graph arrive in an arbitrary order to a machine with a relatively small space, and the goal is to design an algorithm that outputs, as a stream, a proper coloring of the edges using the fewest possible number of colors. Behnezhad et al. [Behnezhad et al., 2019] devised the first non-trivial algorithm for this problem, which computes in Õ(n) space a proper O(Δ²)-coloring w.h.p. (here Δ is the maximum degree of the graph). Subsequent papers improved upon this result, where latest of them [Ansari et al., 2022] showed that it is possible to deterministically compute an O(Δ²/s)-coloring in O(ns) space. However, none of the improvements succeeded in reducing the number of colors to O(Δ^{2-ε}) while keeping the same space bound of Õ(n). In particular, no progress was made on the question of whether computing an O(Δ)-coloring is possible with roughly O(n) space, which was stated in [Behnezhad et al., 2019] to be an interesting open problem. In this paper we bypass the quadratic bound by presenting a new randomized Õ(n)-space algorithm that uses Õ(Δ^{1.5}) colors.
Cite as

Shiri Chechik, Doron Mukhtar, and Tianyi Zhang. Streaming Edge Coloring with Subquadratic Palette Size. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 40:1-40:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{chechik_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.40,
  author =	{Chechik, Shiri and Mukhtar, Doron and Zhang, Tianyi},
  title =	{{Streaming Edge Coloring with Subquadratic Palette Size}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{40:1--40:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.40},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201831},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.40},
  annote =	{Keywords: graph algorithms, streaming algorithms, edge coloring}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.47
Lower Bounds on 0-Extension with Steiner Nodes

Authors: Yu Chen and Zihan Tan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
In the 0-Extension problem, we are given an edge-weighted graph G = (V,E,c), a set T ⊆ V of its vertices called terminals, and a semi-metric D over T, and the goal is to find an assignment f of each non-terminal vertex to a terminal, minimizing the sum, over all edges (u,v) ∈ E, the product of the edge weight c(u,v) and the distance D(f(u),f(v)) between the terminals that u,v are mapped to. Current best approximation algorithms on 0-Extension are based on rounding a linear programming relaxation called the semi-metric LP relaxation. The integrality gap of this LP, is upper bounded by O(log|T|/log log|T|) and lower bounded by Ω((log|T|)^{2/3}), has been shown to be closely related to the quality of cut and flow vertex sparsifiers. We study a variant of the 0-Extension problem where Steiner vertices are allowed. Specifically, we focus on the integrality gap of the same semi-metric LP relaxation to this new problem. Following from previous work, this new integrality gap turns out to be closely related to the quality achievable by cut/flow vertex sparsifiers with Steiner nodes, a major open problem in graph compression. We show that the new integrality gap stays superconstant Ω(log log |T|) even if we allow a super-linear O(|T|log^{1-ε}|T|) number of Steiner nodes.
Cite as

Yu Chen and Zihan Tan. Lower Bounds on 0-Extension with Steiner Nodes. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 47:1-47:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{chen_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.47,
  author =	{Chen, Yu and Tan, Zihan},
  title =	{{Lower Bounds on 0-Extension with Steiner Nodes}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{47:1--47:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.47},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201905},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.47},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph Algorithms, Zero Extension, Integrality Gap}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.50
Fully-Scalable MPC Algorithms for Clustering in High Dimension

Authors: Artur Czumaj, Guichen Gao, Shaofeng H.-C. Jiang, Robert Krauthgamer, and Pavel Veselý

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We design new parallel algorithms for clustering in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces. These algorithms run in the Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model, and are fully scalable, meaning that the local memory in each machine may be n^σ for arbitrarily small fixed σ > 0. Importantly, the local memory may be substantially smaller than the number of clusters k, yet all our algorithms are fast, i.e., run in O(1) rounds. We first devise a fast MPC algorithm for O(1)-approximation of uniform Facility Location. This is the first fully-scalable MPC algorithm that achieves O(1)-approximation for any clustering problem in general geometric setting; previous algorithms only provide poly(log n)-approximation or apply to restricted inputs, like low dimension or small number of clusters k; e.g. [Bhaskara and Wijewardena, ICML'18; Cohen-Addad et al., NeurIPS'21; Cohen-Addad et al., ICML'22]. We then build on this Facility Location result and devise a fast MPC algorithm that achieves O(1)-bicriteria approximation for k-Median and for k-Means, namely, it computes (1+ε)k clusters of cost within O(1/ε²)-factor of the optimum for k clusters. A primary technical tool that we introduce, and may be of independent interest, is a new MPC primitive for geometric aggregation, namely, computing for every data point a statistic of its approximate neighborhood, for statistics like range counting and nearest-neighbor search. Our implementation of this primitive works in high dimension, and is based on consistent hashing (aka sparse partition), a technique that was recently used for streaming algorithms [Czumaj et al., FOCS'22].
Cite as

Artur Czumaj, Guichen Gao, Shaofeng H.-C. Jiang, Robert Krauthgamer, and Pavel Veselý. Fully-Scalable MPC Algorithms for Clustering in High Dimension. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 50:1-50:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{czumaj_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.50,
  author =	{Czumaj, Artur and Gao, Guichen and Jiang, Shaofeng H.-C. and Krauthgamer, Robert and Vesel\'{y}, Pavel},
  title =	{{Fully-Scalable MPC Algorithms for Clustering in High Dimension}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201938},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: Massively parallel computing, high dimension, facility location, k-median, k-means}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.52
Simultaneously Approximating All 𝓁_p-Norms in Correlation Clustering

Authors: Sami Davies, Benjamin Moseley, and Heather Newman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
This paper considers correlation clustering on unweighted complete graphs. We give a combinatorial algorithm that returns a single clustering solution that is simultaneously O(1)-approximate for all 𝓁_p-norms of the disagreement vector; in other words, a combinatorial O(1)-approximation of the all-norms objective for correlation clustering. This is the first proof that minimal sacrifice is needed in order to optimize different norms of the disagreement vector. In addition, our algorithm is the first combinatorial approximation algorithm for the 𝓁₂-norm objective, and more generally the first combinatorial algorithm for the 𝓁_p-norm objective when 1 < p < ∞. It is also faster than all previous algorithms that minimize the 𝓁_p-norm of the disagreement vector, with run-time O(n^ω), where O(n^ω) is the time for matrix multiplication on n × n matrices. When the maximum positive degree in the graph is at most Δ, this can be improved to a run-time of O(nΔ² log n).
Cite as

Sami Davies, Benjamin Moseley, and Heather Newman. Simultaneously Approximating All 𝓁_p-Norms in Correlation Clustering. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 52:1-52:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{davies_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.52,
  author =	{Davies, Sami and Moseley, Benjamin and Newman, Heather},
  title =	{{Simultaneously Approximating All 𝓁\underlinep-Norms in Correlation Clustering}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{52:1--52:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.52},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201950},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.52},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximation algorithms, correlation clustering, all-norms, lp-norms}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.67
Subexponential Parameterized Directed Steiner Network Problems on Planar Graphs: A Complete Classification

Authors: Esther Galby, Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak, Dániel Marx, and Roohani Sharma

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
In the Directed Steiner Network problem, the input is a directed graph G, a set T ⊆ V(G) of k terminals, and a demand graph D on T. The task is to find a subgraph H ⊆ G with the minimum number of edges such that for every (s,t) ∈ E(D), the solution H contains a directed s → t path. The goal of this paper is to investigate how the complexity of the problem depends on the demand pattern in planar graphs. Formally, if 𝒟 is a class of directed graphs, then the 𝒟-Steiner Network (𝒟-DSN) problem is the special case where the demand graph D is restricted to be from 𝒟. We give a complete characterization of the behavior of every 𝒟-DSN problem on planar graphs. We classify every class 𝒟 closed under transitive equivalence and identification of vertices into three cases: assuming ETH, either the problem is 1) solvable in time 2^O(k)⋅n^O(1), i.e., FPT parameterized by the number k of terminals, but not solvable in time 2^o(k)⋅n^O(1), 2) solvable in time f(k)⋅n^O(√k), but cannot be solved in time f(k)⋅n^o(√k), or 3) solvable in time f(k)⋅n^O(k), but cannot be solved in time f(k)⋅n^o(k). Our result is a far-reaching generalization and unification of earlier results on Directed Steiner Tree, Directed Steiner Network, and Strongly Connected Steiner Subgraph on planar graphs. As an important step of our lower bound proof, we discover a rare example of a genuinely planar problem (i.e., described by a planar graph and two sets of vertices) that cannot be solved in time f(k)⋅n^o(k): given two sets of terminals S and T with |S|+|T| = k, find a subgraph with minimum number of edges such that every vertex of T is reachable from every vertex of S.
Cite as

Esther Galby, Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak, Dániel Marx, and Roohani Sharma. Subexponential Parameterized Directed Steiner Network Problems on Planar Graphs: A Complete Classification. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 67:1-67:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{galby_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.67,
  author =	{Galby, Esther and Kisfaludi-Bak, S\'{a}ndor and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Sharma, Roohani},
  title =	{{Subexponential Parameterized Directed Steiner Network Problems on Planar Graphs: A Complete Classification}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{67:1--67:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.67},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202104},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.67},
  annote =	{Keywords: Directed Steiner Network, Sub-exponential algorithm}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.71
Low-Memory Algorithms for Online Edge Coloring

Authors: Prantar Ghosh and Manuel Stoeckl

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
For edge coloring, the online and the W-streaming models seem somewhat orthogonal: the former needs edges to be assigned colors immediately after insertion, typically without any space restrictions, while the latter limits memory to be sublinear in the input size but allows an edge’s color to be announced any time after its insertion. We aim for the best of both worlds by designing small-space online algorithms for edge coloring. Our online algorithms significantly improve upon the memory used by prior ones while achieving an O(1)-competitive ratio. We study the problem under both (adversarial) edge arrivals and vertex arrivals. Under vertex arrivals of any n-node graph with maximum vertex-degree Δ, our online O(Δ)-coloring algorithm uses only semi-streaming space (i.e., Õ(n) space, where the Õ(.) notation hides polylog(n) factors). Under edge arrivals, we obtain an online O(Δ)-coloring in Õ(n√Δ) space. We also achieve a smooth color-space tradeoff: for any t = O(Δ), we get an O(Δt(log²Δ))-coloring in Õ(n√{Δ/t}) space, improving upon the state of the art that used Õ(nΔ/t) space for the same number of colors. The improvements stem from extensive use of random permutations that enable us to avoid previously used colors. Most of our algorithms can be derandomized and extended to multigraphs, where edge coloring is known to be considerably harder than for simple graphs.
Cite as

Prantar Ghosh and Manuel Stoeckl. Low-Memory Algorithms for Online Edge Coloring. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 71:1-71:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{ghosh_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.71,
  author =	{Ghosh, Prantar and Stoeckl, Manuel},
  title =	{{Low-Memory Algorithms for Online Edge Coloring}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{71:1--71:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.71},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202146},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.71},
  annote =	{Keywords: Edge coloring, streaming model, online algorithms}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.92
Algorithms for the Generalized Poset Sorting Problem

Authors: Shaofeng H.-C. Jiang, Wenqian Wang, Yubo Zhang, and Yuhao Zhang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We consider a generalized poset sorting problem (GPS), in which we are given a query graph G = (V, E) and an unknown poset 𝒫(V, ≺) that is defined on the same vertex set V, and the goal is to make as few queries as possible to edges in G in order to fully recover 𝒫, where each query (u, v) returns the relation between u, v, i.e., u ≺ v, v ≺ u or u ̸ ∼ v. This generalizes both the poset sorting problem [Faigle et al., SICOMP 88] and the generalized sorting problem [Huang et al., FOCS 11]. We give algorithms with Õ(n poly(k)) query complexity when G is a complete bipartite graph or G is stochastic under the Erdős-Rényi model, where k is the width of the poset, and these generalize [Daskalakis et al., SICOMP 11] which only studies complete graph G. Both results are based on a unified framework that reduces the poset sorting to partitioning the vertices with respect to a given pivot element, which may be of independent interest. Moreover, we also propose novel algorithms to implement this partition oracle. Notably, we suggest a randomized BFS with vertex skipping for the stochastic G, and it yields a nearly-tight bound even for the special case of generalized sorting (for stochastic G) which is comparable to the main result of a recent work [Kuszmaul et al., FOCS 21] but is conceptually different and simplified. Our study of GPS also leads to a new Õ(n^{1 - 1 / (2W)}) competitive ratio for the so-called weighted generalized sorting problem where W is the number of distinct weights in the query graph. This problem was considered as an open question in [Charikar et al., JCSS 02], and our result makes important progress as it yields the first nontrivial sublinear ratio for general weighted query graphs (for any bounded W). We obtain this via an Õ(nk + n^{1.5}) query complexity algorithm for the case where every edge in G is guaranteed to be comparable in the poset, which generalizes a Õ(n^{1.5}) bound for generalized sorting [Huang et al., FOCS 11].
Cite as

Shaofeng H.-C. Jiang, Wenqian Wang, Yubo Zhang, and Yuhao Zhang. Algorithms for the Generalized Poset Sorting Problem. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 92:1-92:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{jiang_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.92,
  author =	{Jiang, Shaofeng H.-C. and Wang, Wenqian and Zhang, Yubo and Zhang, Yuhao},
  title =	{{Algorithms for the Generalized Poset Sorting Problem}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{92:1--92:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.92},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202359},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.92},
  annote =	{Keywords: sorting, poset sorting, generalized sorting}
}
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