18 Search Results for "Liang, Daniel"

Document
Invited Paper
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.4
Invited Paper: Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis of Lingua Franca Applications

Authors: Martin Schoeberl, Ehsan Khodadad, Shaokai Lin, Emad Jacob Maroun, Luca Pezzarossa, and Edward A. Lee

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 121, 22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024)

Abstract
Real-time systems need to prove that all deadlines will be met. To enable this proof, the full stack of the system must be analyzable, and the right tools must be available. This includes the processor (execution platform), the runtime system, the compiler, and the WCET analysis tool. This paper presents a combination of the time-predictable processor Patmos, the coordination language Lingua Franca, and the WCET analysis tool Platin. We show how carefully written Lingua Franca programs enable static WCET analysis to build safety-critical applications.
Cite as

Martin Schoeberl, Ehsan Khodadad, Shaokai Lin, Emad Jacob Maroun, Luca Pezzarossa, and Edward A. Lee. Invited Paper: Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis of Lingua Franca Applications. In 22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 121, pp. 4:1-4:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{schoeberl_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2024.4,
  author =	{Schoeberl, Martin and Khodadad, Ehsan and Lin, Shaokai and Maroun, Emad Jacob and Pezzarossa, Luca and Lee, Edward A.},
  title =	{{Invited Paper: Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis of Lingua Franca Applications}},
  booktitle =	{22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:13},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-346-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{121},
  editor =	{Carle, Thomas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204721},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: worst-case execution time, coordination language, real-time systems, lingua franca}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.2
The Platin Multi-Target Worst-Case Analysis Tool

Authors: Emad Jacob Maroun, Eva Dengler, Christian Dietrich, Stefan Hepp, Henriette Herzog, Benedikt Huber, Jens Knoop, Daniel Wiltsche-Prokesch, Peter Puschner, Phillip Raffeck, Martin Schoeberl, Simon Schuster, and Peter Wägemann

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 121, 22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024)

Abstract
With the increasing number of applications that require reliable runtime guarantees, the relevance of static worst-case analysis tools that can provide such guarantees increases. These analysis tools determine resource-consumption bounds of application tasks, with a model of the underlying hardware, to meet given resource budgets during runtime, such as deadlines of real-time tasks. This paper presents enhancements to the Platin worst-case analysis tool developed since its original release more than ten years ago. These novelties comprise Platin’s support for new architectures (i.e., ARMv6-M, RISC-V, and AVR) in addition to the previous backends for Patmos and ARMv7-M. Further, Platin now features system-wide analysis methods and annotation support to express system-level constraints. Besides an overview of these enhancements, we evaluate Platin’s accuracy for the two supported architecture implementations, Patmos and RISC-V.
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Emad Jacob Maroun, Eva Dengler, Christian Dietrich, Stefan Hepp, Henriette Herzog, Benedikt Huber, Jens Knoop, Daniel Wiltsche-Prokesch, Peter Puschner, Phillip Raffeck, Martin Schoeberl, Simon Schuster, and Peter Wägemann. The Platin Multi-Target Worst-Case Analysis Tool. In 22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 121, pp. 2:1-2:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{maroun_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2024.2,
  author =	{Maroun, Emad Jacob and Dengler, Eva and Dietrich, Christian and Hepp, Stefan and Herzog, Henriette and Huber, Benedikt and Knoop, Jens and Wiltsche-Prokesch, Daniel and Puschner, Peter and Raffeck, Phillip and Schoeberl, Martin and Schuster, Simon and W\"{a}gemann, Peter},
  title =	{{The Platin Multi-Target Worst-Case Analysis Tool}},
  booktitle =	{22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:14},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-346-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{121},
  editor =	{Carle, Thomas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204704},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: worst-case resource consumption, WCET, static analysis tool}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.AofA.2024.28
Sharpened Localization of the Trailing Point of the Pareto Record Frontier

Authors: James Allen Fill, Daniel Q. Naiman, and Ao Sun

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 302, 35th International Conference on Probabilistic, Combinatorial and Asymptotic Methods for the Analysis of Algorithms (AofA 2024)

Abstract
For d ≥ 2 and i.i.d. d-dimensional observations X^{(1)}, X^{(2)}, … with independent Exponential(1) coordinates, we revisit the study by Fill and Naiman (Electron. J. Probab., 25:Paper No. 92, 24 pp., 2020) of the boundary (relative to the closed positive orthant), or "frontier", F_n of the closed Pareto record-setting (RS) region RS_n := {0 ≤ x ∈ R^d: x ⊀ X^(i) for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n} at time n, where 0 ≤ x means that 0 ≤ x_j for 1 ≤ j ≤ d and x ≺ y means that x_j < y_j for 1 ≤ j ≤ d. With x_+ : = ∑_{j = 1}^d x_j = ‖x‖₁, let F_n^- := min{x_+: x ∈ F_n} and F_n^+ : = max{x_+: x ∈ F_n}. Almost surely, there are for each n unique vectors λ_n ∈ F_n and τ_n ∈ F_n such that F_n^+ = (λ_n)_+ and F_n^- = (τ_n)_+; we refer to λ_n and τ_n as the leading and trailing points, respectively, of the frontier. Fill and Naiman provided rather sharp information about the typical and almost sure behavior of F^+, but somewhat crude information about F^-, namely, that for any ε > 0 and c_n → ∞ we have P(F_n^- - ln n ∈ (- (2 + ε) ln ln ln n, c_n)) → 1 (describing typical behavior) and almost surely limsup (F_n^- - ln n)/(ln ln n) ≤ 0 and liminf (F_n^- - ln n)/(ln ln ln n) ∈ [-2, -1]. In this extended abstract we use the theory of generators (minima of F_n) together with the first- and second-moment methods to improve considerably the trailing-point location results to F_n^- - (ln n - ln ln ln n) ⟶P -ln(d - 1) (describing typical behavior) and, for d ≥ 3, almost surely limsup [F_n^- -(ln n - ln ln ln n)] ≤ -ln(d - 2) + ln 2 and liminf [F_n^- -(ln n - ln ln ln n)] ≥ -ln d - ln 2.
Cite as

James Allen Fill, Daniel Q. Naiman, and Ao Sun. Sharpened Localization of the Trailing Point of the Pareto Record Frontier. In 35th International Conference on Probabilistic, Combinatorial and Asymptotic Methods for the Analysis of Algorithms (AofA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 302, pp. 28:1-28:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{fill_et_al:LIPIcs.AofA.2024.28,
  author =	{Fill, James Allen and Naiman, Daniel Q. and Sun, Ao},
  title =	{{Sharpened Localization of the Trailing Point of the Pareto Record Frontier}},
  booktitle =	{35th International Conference on Probabilistic, Combinatorial and Asymptotic Methods for the Analysis of Algorithms (AofA 2024)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-329-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{302},
  editor =	{Mailler, C\'{e}cile and Wild, Sebastian},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.AofA.2024.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204631},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.AofA.2024.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: Multivariate records, Pareto records, generators, interior generators, minima, maxima, record-setting region, frontier, current records, boundary-crossing probabilities, first moment method, second moment method, orthants}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.6
The Entangled Quantum Polynomial Hierarchy Collapses

Authors: Sabee Grewal and Justin Yirka

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 300, 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)

Abstract
We introduce the entangled quantum polynomial hierarchy, QEPH, as the class of problems that are efficiently verifiable given alternating quantum proofs that may be entangled with each other. We prove QEPH collapses to its second level. In fact, we show that a polynomial number of alternations collapses to just two. As a consequence, QEPH = QRG(1), the class of problems having one-turn quantum refereed games, which is known to be contained in PSPACE. This is in contrast to the unentangled quantum polynomial hierarchy, QPH, which contains QMA(2). We also introduce DistributionQCPH, a generalization of the quantum-classical polynomial hierarchy QCPH where the provers send probability distributions over strings (instead of strings). We prove DistributionQCPH = QCPH, suggesting that only quantum superposition (not classical probability) increases the computational power of these hierarchies. To prove this equality, we generalize a game-theoretic result of Lipton and Young (1994) which says that, without loss of generality, the provers can send uniform distributions over a polynomial-size support. We also prove the analogous result for the polynomial hierarchy, i.e., DistributionPH = PH. Finally, we show that PH and QCPH are contained in QPH, resolving an open question of Gharibian et al. (2022).
Cite as

Sabee Grewal and Justin Yirka. The Entangled Quantum Polynomial Hierarchy Collapses. In 39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 300, pp. 6:1-6:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{grewal_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2024.6,
  author =	{Grewal, Sabee and Yirka, Justin},
  title =	{{The Entangled Quantum Polynomial Hierarchy Collapses}},
  booktitle =	{39th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2024)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-331-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{300},
  editor =	{Santhanam, Rahul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204028},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2024.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Polynomial hierarchy, Entangled proofs, Correlated proofs, Minimax}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.27
Improved Cut Strategy for Tensor Network Contraction Orders

Authors: Christoph Staudt, Mark Blacher, Julien Klaus, Farin Lippmann, and Joachim Giesen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 301, 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)

Abstract
In the field of quantum computing, simulating quantum systems on classical computers is crucial. Tensor networks are fundamental in simulating quantum systems. A tensor network is a collection of tensors, that need to be contracted into a result tensor. Tensor contraction is a generalization of matrix multiplication to higher order tensors. The contractions can be performed in different orders, and the order has a significant impact on the number of floating point operations (flops) needed to get the result tensor. It is known that finding an optimal contraction order is NP-hard. The current state-of-the-art approach for finding efficient contraction orders is to combinine graph partitioning with a greedy strategy. Although heavily used in practice, the current approach ignores so-called free indices, chooses node weights without regarding previous computations, and requires numerous hyperparameters that need to be tuned at runtime. In this paper, we address these shortcomings by developing a novel graph cut strategy. The proposed modifications yield contraction orders that significantly reduce the number of flops in the tensor contractions compared to the current state of the art. Moreover, by removing the need for hyperparameter tuning at runtime, our approach converges to an efficient solution faster, which reduces the required optimization time by at least an order of magnitude.
Cite as

Christoph Staudt, Mark Blacher, Julien Klaus, Farin Lippmann, and Joachim Giesen. Improved Cut Strategy for Tensor Network Contraction Orders. In 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 301, pp. 27:1-27:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{staudt_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2024.27,
  author =	{Staudt, Christoph and Blacher, Mark and Klaus, Julien and Lippmann, Farin and Giesen, Joachim},
  title =	{{Improved Cut Strategy for Tensor Network Contraction Orders}},
  booktitle =	{22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-325-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{301},
  editor =	{Liberti, Leo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203924},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: tensor network, contraction order, graph partitioniong, quantum simulation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10
Crêpe: Clock-Reconfiguration-Aware Preemption Control in Real-Time Systems with Devices

Authors: Eva Dengler and Peter Wägemann

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 298, 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)

Abstract
The domain of energy-constrained real-time systems that are operated on modern embedded system-on-chip (SoC) platforms brings numerous novel challenges for optimal resource minimization. These modern hardware platforms offer a heterogeneous variety of features to configure the tradeoff between temporal performance and energy efficiency, which goes beyond the state-of-the-art of existing dynamic-voltage-frequency-scaling (DVFS) scheduling schemes. The control center for configuring this tradeoff on platforms are complex clock subsystems that are intertwined with requirements of the SoC’s components (e.g., transceiver/memory/sensor devices). That is, several devices have precedence constraints with respect to specific clock sources and their settings. The challenge of dynamically adapting the various clock sources to select resource-optimal configurations becomes especially challenging in the presence of asynchronous preemptions, which are inherent to systems that use devices. In this paper, we present Crêpe, an approach to clock-reconfiguration-aware preemption control: Crêpe has an understanding of the target platform’s clock subsystem, its sleep states, and penalties to reconfigure clock sources for adapting clock frequencies. Crêpe’s hardware model is combined with an awareness of the application’s device requirements for each executed task, as well as possible interrupts that cause preemptions during runtime. Using these software/hardware constraints, Crêpe employs, in its offline phase, a mathematical formalization in order to select energy-minimal configurations while meeting given deadlines. This optimizing formalization, processed by standard mathematical solver tools, accounts for potentially occurring interrupts and the respective clock reconfigurations, which are then forwarded as alternative schedules to Crêpe’s runtime system. During runtime, the dispatcher assesses these offline-determined alternative schedules and reconfigures the clock sources for energy minimization. We developed an implementation based on a widely-used SoC platform (i.e., ESP32-C3) and an automated testbed for comprehensive energy-consumption evaluations to validate Crêpe’s claim of selecting resource-optimal settings under worst-case considerations.
Cite as

Eva Dengler and Peter Wägemann. Crêpe: Clock-Reconfiguration-Aware Preemption Control in Real-Time Systems with Devices. In 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 298, pp. 10:1-10:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{dengler_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10,
  author =	{Dengler, Eva and W\"{a}gemann, Peter},
  title =	{{Cr\^{e}pe: Clock-Reconfiguration-Aware Preemption Control in Real-Time Systems with Devices}},
  booktitle =	{36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-324-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{298},
  editor =	{Pellizzoni, Rodolfo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203135},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: energy-constrained real-time systems, time/energy tradeoff, system-on-chip, energy-aware real-time scheduling, resource minimization, preemption control, worst-case energy consumption (WCEC), worst-case execution time (WCET), static whole-system analysis}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.11
Approximate Counting for Spin Systems in Sub-Quadratic Time

Authors: Konrad Anand, Weiming Feng, Graham Freifeld, Heng Guo, and Jiaheng Wang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We present two randomised approximate counting algorithms with Õ(n^{2-c}/ε²) running time for some constant c > 0 and accuracy ε: 1) for the hard-core model with fugacity λ on graphs with maximum degree Δ when λ = O(Δ^{-1.5-c₁}) where c₁ = c/(2-2c); 2) for spin systems with strong spatial mixing (SSM) on planar graphs with quadratic growth, such as ℤ². For the hard-core model, Weitz’s algorithm (STOC, 2006) achieves sub-quadratic running time when correlation decays faster than the neighbourhood growth, namely when λ = o(Δ^{-2}). Our first algorithm does not require this property and extends the range where sub-quadratic algorithms exist. Our second algorithm appears to be the first to achieve sub-quadratic running time up to the SSM threshold, albeit on a restricted family of graphs. It also extends to (not necessarily planar) graphs with polynomial growth, such as ℤ^d, but with a running time of the form Õ(n²ε^{-2}/2^{c(log n)^{1/d}}) where d is the exponent of the polynomial growth and c > 0 is some constant.
Cite as

Konrad Anand, Weiming Feng, Graham Freifeld, Heng Guo, and Jiaheng Wang. Approximate Counting for Spin Systems in Sub-Quadratic Time. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 11:1-11:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{anand_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.11,
  author =	{Anand, Konrad and Feng, Weiming and Freifeld, Graham and Guo, Heng and Wang, Jiaheng},
  title =	{{Approximate Counting for Spin Systems in Sub-Quadratic Time}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201543},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Randomised algorithm, Approximate counting, Spin system, Sub-quadratic algorithm}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.50
Fully-Scalable MPC Algorithms for Clustering in High Dimension

Authors: Artur Czumaj, Guichen Gao, Shaofeng H.-C. Jiang, Robert Krauthgamer, and Pavel Veselý

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We design new parallel algorithms for clustering in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces. These algorithms run in the Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model, and are fully scalable, meaning that the local memory in each machine may be n^σ for arbitrarily small fixed σ > 0. Importantly, the local memory may be substantially smaller than the number of clusters k, yet all our algorithms are fast, i.e., run in O(1) rounds. We first devise a fast MPC algorithm for O(1)-approximation of uniform Facility Location. This is the first fully-scalable MPC algorithm that achieves O(1)-approximation for any clustering problem in general geometric setting; previous algorithms only provide poly(log n)-approximation or apply to restricted inputs, like low dimension or small number of clusters k; e.g. [Bhaskara and Wijewardena, ICML'18; Cohen-Addad et al., NeurIPS'21; Cohen-Addad et al., ICML'22]. We then build on this Facility Location result and devise a fast MPC algorithm that achieves O(1)-bicriteria approximation for k-Median and for k-Means, namely, it computes (1+ε)k clusters of cost within O(1/ε²)-factor of the optimum for k clusters. A primary technical tool that we introduce, and may be of independent interest, is a new MPC primitive for geometric aggregation, namely, computing for every data point a statistic of its approximate neighborhood, for statistics like range counting and nearest-neighbor search. Our implementation of this primitive works in high dimension, and is based on consistent hashing (aka sparse partition), a technique that was recently used for streaming algorithms [Czumaj et al., FOCS'22].
Cite as

Artur Czumaj, Guichen Gao, Shaofeng H.-C. Jiang, Robert Krauthgamer, and Pavel Veselý. Fully-Scalable MPC Algorithms for Clustering in High Dimension. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 50:1-50:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{czumaj_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.50,
  author =	{Czumaj, Artur and Gao, Guichen and Jiang, Shaofeng H.-C. and Krauthgamer, Robert and Vesel\'{y}, Pavel},
  title =	{{Fully-Scalable MPC Algorithms for Clustering in High Dimension}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201938},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: Massively parallel computing, high dimension, facility location, k-median, k-means}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.26
Another Hamiltonian Cycle in Bipartite Pfaffian Graphs

Authors: Andreas Björklund, Petteri Kaski, and Jesper Nederlof

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
Finding a Hamiltonian cycle in a given graph is computationally challenging, and in general remains so even when one is further given one Hamiltonian cycle in the graph and asked to find another. In fact, no significantly faster algorithms are known for finding another Hamiltonian cycle than for finding a first one even in the setting where another Hamiltonian cycle is structurally guaranteed to exist, such as for odd-degree graphs. We identify a graph class - the bipartite Pfaffian graphs of minimum degree three - where it is NP-complete to decide whether a given graph in the class is Hamiltonian, but when presented with a Hamiltonian cycle as part of the input, another Hamiltonian cycle can be found efficiently. We prove that Thomason’s lollipop method [Ann. Discrete Math., 1978], a well-known algorithm for finding another Hamiltonian cycle, runs in a linear number of steps in cubic bipartite Pfaffian graphs. This was conjectured for cubic bipartite planar graphs by Haddadan [MSc thesis, Waterloo, 2015]; in contrast, examples are known of both cubic bipartite graphs and cubic planar graphs where the lollipop method takes exponential time. Beyond the reach of the lollipop method, we address a slightly more general graph class and present two algorithms, one running in linear-time and one operating in logarithmic space, that take as input (i) a bipartite Pfaffian graph G of minimum degree three, (ii) a Hamiltonian cycle H in G, and (iii) an edge e in H, and output at least three other Hamiltonian cycles through the edge e in G. We also present further improved algorithms for finding optimal traveling salesperson tours and counting Hamiltonian cycles in bipartite planar graphs with running times that are not achieved yet in general planar graphs. Our technique also has purely graph-theoretical consequences; for example, we show that every cubic bipartite Pfaffian graph has either zero or at least six distinct Hamiltonian cycles; the latter case is tight for the cube graph.
Cite as

Andreas Björklund, Petteri Kaski, and Jesper Nederlof. Another Hamiltonian Cycle in Bipartite Pfaffian Graphs. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 26:1-26:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bjorklund_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.26,
  author =	{Bj\"{o}rklund, Andreas and Kaski, Petteri and Nederlof, Jesper},
  title =	{{Another Hamiltonian Cycle in Bipartite Pfaffian Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201692},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Another Hamiltonian cycle, Pfaffian graph, planar graph, Thomason’s lollipop method}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.36
Vertex-Minor Universal Graphs for Generating Entangled Quantum Subsystems

Authors: Maxime Cautrès, Nathan Claudet, Mehdi Mhalla, Simon Perdrix, Valentin Savin, and Stéphan Thomassé

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We study the notion of k-stabilizer universal quantum state, that is, an n-qubit quantum state, such that it is possible to induce any stabilizer state on any k qubits, by using only local operations and classical communications. These states generalize the notion of k-pairable states introduced by Bravyi et al., and can be studied from a combinatorial perspective using graph states and k-vertex-minor universal graphs. First, we demonstrate the existence of k-stabilizer universal graph states that are optimal in size with n = Θ(k²) qubits. We also provide parameters for which a random graph state on Θ(k²) qubits is k-stabilizer universal with high probability. Our second contribution consists of two explicit constructions of k-stabilizer universal graph states on n = O(k⁴) qubits. Both rely upon the incidence graph of the projective plane over a finite field 𝔽_q. This provides a major improvement over the previously known explicit construction of k-pairable graph states with n = O(2^{3k}), bringing forth a new and potentially powerful family of multipartite quantum resources.
Cite as

Maxime Cautrès, Nathan Claudet, Mehdi Mhalla, Simon Perdrix, Valentin Savin, and Stéphan Thomassé. Vertex-Minor Universal Graphs for Generating Entangled Quantum Subsystems. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 36:1-36:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{cautres_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.36,
  author =	{Cautr\`{e}s, Maxime and Claudet, Nathan and Mhalla, Mehdi and Perdrix, Simon and Savin, Valentin and Thomass\'{e}, St\'{e}phan},
  title =	{{Vertex-Minor Universal Graphs for Generating Entangled Quantum Subsystems}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{36:1--36:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.36},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201796},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.36},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum networks, graph states, vertex-minors, k-pairability}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.57
Non-Linear Paging

Authors: Ilan Doron-Arad and Joseph (Seffi) Naor

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We formulate and study non-linear paging - a broad model of online paging where the size of subsets of pages is determined by a monotone non-linear set function of the pages. This model captures the well-studied classic weighted paging and generalized paging problems, and also submodular and supermodular paging, studied here for the first time, that have a range of applications from virtual memory to machine learning. Unlike classic paging, the cache threshold parameter k does not yield good competitive ratios for non-linear paging. Instead, we introduce a novel parameter 𝓁 that generalizes the notion of cache size to the non-linear setting. We obtain a tight deterministic 𝓁-competitive algorithm for general non-linear paging and a o(log²𝓁)-competitive lower bound for randomized algorithms. Our algorithm is based on a new generic LP for the problem that captures both submodular and supermodular paging, in contrast to LPs used for submodular cover settings. We finally focus on the supermodular paging problem, which is a variant of online set cover and online submodular cover, where sets are repeatedly requested to be removed from the cover. We obtain polylogarithmic lower and upper bounds and an offline approximation algorithm.
Cite as

Ilan Doron-Arad and Joseph (Seffi) Naor. Non-Linear Paging. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 57:1-57:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{doronarad_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.57,
  author =	{Doron-Arad, Ilan and Naor, Joseph (Seffi)},
  title =	{{Non-Linear Paging}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{57:1--57:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.57},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202000},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.57},
  annote =	{Keywords: paging, competitive analysis, non-linear paging, submodular and supermodular functions}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.98
Almost-Tight Bounds on Preserving Cuts in Classes of Submodular Hypergraphs

Authors: Sanjeev Khanna, Aaron (Louie) Putterman, and Madhu Sudan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
Recently, a number of variants of the notion of cut-preserving hypergraph sparsification have been studied in the literature. These variants include directed hypergraph sparsification, submodular hypergraph sparsification, general notions of approximation including spectral approximations, and more general notions like sketching that can answer cut queries using more general data structures than just sparsifiers. In this work, we provide reductions between these different variants of hypergraph sparsification and establish new upper and lower bounds on the space complexity of preserving their cuts. Specifically, we show that: 1) (1 ± ε) directed hypergraph spectral (respectively cut) sparsification on n vertices efficiently reduces to (1 ± ε) undirected hypergraph spectral (respectively cut) sparsification on n² + 1 vertices. Using the work of Lee and Jambulapati, Liu, and Sidford (STOC 2023) this gives us directed hypergraph spectral sparsifiers with O(n² log²(n) / ε²) hyperedges and directed hypergraph cut sparsifiers with O(n² log(n)/ ε²) hyperedges by using the work of Chen, Khanna, and Nagda (FOCS 2020), both of which improve upon the work of Oko, Sakaue, and Tanigawa (ICALP 2023). 2) Any cut sketching scheme which preserves all cuts in any directed hypergraph on n vertices to a (1 ± ε) factor (for ε = 1/(2^{O(√{log(n)})})) must have worst-case bit complexity n^{3 - o(1)}. Because directed hypergraphs are a subclass of submodular hypergraphs, this also shows a worst-case sketching lower bound of n^{3 - o(1)} bits for sketching cuts in general submodular hypergraphs. 3) (1 ± ε) monotone submodular hypergraph cut sparsification on n vertices efficiently reduces to (1 ± ε) symmetric submodular hypergraph sparsification on n+1 vertices. Using the work of Jambulapati et. al. (FOCS 2023) this gives us monotone submodular hypergraph sparsifiers with Õ(n / ε²) hyperedges, improving on the O(n³ / ε²) hyperedge bound of Kenneth and Krauthgamer (arxiv 2023). At a high level, our results use the same general principle, namely, by showing that cuts in one class of hypergraphs can be simulated by cuts in a simpler class of hypergraphs, we can leverage sparsification results for the simpler class of hypergraphs.
Cite as

Sanjeev Khanna, Aaron (Louie) Putterman, and Madhu Sudan. Almost-Tight Bounds on Preserving Cuts in Classes of Submodular Hypergraphs. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 98:1-98:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{khanna_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.98,
  author =	{Khanna, Sanjeev and Putterman, Aaron (Louie) and Sudan, Madhu},
  title =	{{Almost-Tight Bounds on Preserving Cuts in Classes of Submodular Hypergraphs}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{98:1--98:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.98},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202410},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.98},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sparsification, sketching, hypergraphs}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.103
Towards an Analysis of Quadratic Probing

Authors: William Kuszmaul and Zoe Xi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
Since 1968, one of the simplest open questions in the theory of hash tables has been to prove anything nontrivial about the correctness of quadratic probing. We make the first tangible progress towards this goal, showing that there exists a positive-constant load factor at which quadratic probing is a constant-expected-time hash table. Our analysis applies more generally to any fixed-offset open-addressing hash table, and extends to higher load factors in the case where the hash table examines blocks of some size B = ω(1).
Cite as

William Kuszmaul and Zoe Xi. Towards an Analysis of Quadratic Probing. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 103:1-103:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{kuszmaul_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.103,
  author =	{Kuszmaul, William and Xi, Zoe},
  title =	{{Towards an Analysis of Quadratic Probing}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{103:1--103:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.103},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202463},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.103},
  annote =	{Keywords: quadratic probing, hashing, open addressing, witness trees}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagMan.10.1.1
Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282)

Authors: James P. Delgrande, Birte Glimm, Thomas Meyer, Miroslaw Truszczynski, and Frank Wolter

Published in: Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 10, Issue 1 (2024)

Abstract
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning is a central, longstanding, and active area of Artificial Intelligence. Over the years it has evolved significantly; more recently it has been challenged and complemented by research in areas such as machine learning and reasoning under uncertainty. In July 2022,sser a Dagstuhl Perspectives workshop was held on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. The goal of the workshop was to describe the state of the art in the field, including its relation with other areas, its shortcomings and strengths, together with recommendations for future progress. We developed this manifesto based on the presentations, panels, working groups, and discussions that took place at the Dagstuhl Workshop. It is a declaration of our views on Knowledge Representation: its origins, goals, milestones, and current foci; its relation to other disciplines, especially to Artificial Intelligence; and on its challenges, along with key priorities for the next decade.
Cite as

James P. Delgrande, Birte Glimm, Thomas Meyer, Miroslaw Truszczynski, and Frank Wolter. Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282). In Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 1-61, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{delgrande_et_al:DagMan.10.1.1,
  author =	{Delgrande, James P. and Glimm, Birte and Meyer, Thomas and Truszczynski, Miroslaw and Wolter, Frank},
  title =	{{Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282)}},
  pages =	{1--61},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Manifestos},
  ISSN =	{2193-2433},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{10},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Delgrande, James P. and Glimm, Birte and Meyer, Thomas and Truszczynski, Miroslaw and Wolter, Frank},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagMan.10.1.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201403},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagMan.10.1.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Knowledge representation and reasoning, Applications of logics, Declarative representations, Formal logic}
}
Document
Position
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.2.1.5
Standardizing Knowledge Engineering Practices with a Reference Architecture

Authors: Bradley P. Allen and Filip Ilievski

Published in: TGDK, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2024): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 2, Issue 1

Abstract
Knowledge engineering is the process of creating and maintaining knowledge-producing systems. Throughout the history of computer science and AI, knowledge engineering workflows have been widely used given the importance of high-quality knowledge for reliable intelligent agents. Meanwhile, the scope of knowledge engineering, as apparent from its target tasks and use cases, has been shifting, together with its paradigms such as expert systems, semantic web, and language modeling. The intended use cases and supported user requirements between these paradigms have not been analyzed globally, as new paradigms often satisfy prior pain points while possibly introducing new ones. The recent abstraction of systemic patterns into a boxology provides an opening for aligning the requirements and use cases of knowledge engineering with the systems, components, and software that can satisfy them best, however, this direction has not been explored to date. This paper proposes a vision of harmonizing the best practices in the field of knowledge engineering by leveraging the software engineering methodology of creating reference architectures. We describe how a reference architecture can be iteratively designed and implemented to associate user needs with recurring systemic patterns, building on top of existing knowledge engineering workflows and boxologies. We provide a six-step roadmap that can enable the development of such an architecture, consisting of scope definition, selection of information sources, architectural analysis, synthesis of an architecture based on the information source analysis, evaluation through instantiation, and, ultimately, instantiation into a concrete software architecture. We provide an initial design and outcome of the definition of architectural scope, selection of information sources, and analysis. As the remaining steps of design, evaluation, and instantiation of the architecture are largely use-case specific, we provide a detailed description of their procedures and point to relevant examples. We expect that following through on this vision will lead to well-grounded reference architectures for knowledge engineering, will advance the ongoing initiatives of organizing the neurosymbolic knowledge engineering space, and will build new links to the software architectures and data science communities.
Cite as

Bradley P. Allen and Filip Ilievski. Standardizing Knowledge Engineering Practices with a Reference Architecture. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 5:1-5:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{allen_et_al:TGDK.2.1.5,
  author =	{Allen, Bradley P. and Ilievski, Filip},
  title =	{{Standardizing Knowledge Engineering Practices with a Reference Architecture}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{5:1--5:23},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.2.1.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198623},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.2.1.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: knowledge engineering, knowledge graphs, quality attributes, software architectures, sociotechnical systems}
}
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