Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 369, 37th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2026)
Carl Barton, Panagiotis Charalampopoulos, Taha El Ghazi, Jonas Ellert, Oded Lachish, and Tatiana Starikovskaya. Periodicity Property Testing on Strings with Wildcards. In 37th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 369, pp. 28:1-28:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{barton_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2026.28,
author = {Barton, Carl and Charalampopoulos, Panagiotis and Ghazi, Taha El and Ellert, Jonas and Lachish, Oded and Starikovskaya, Tatiana},
title = {{Periodicity Property Testing on Strings with Wildcards}},
booktitle = {37th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2026)},
pages = {28:1--28:18},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-420-8},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {369},
editor = {Bille, Philip and Prezza, Nicola},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2026.28},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-259543},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2026.28},
annote = {Keywords: periodicity, property testing, wildcards}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)
Thomas Schibler, Jie Xue, and Jiumu Zhu. Approximating Convex Hulls via Range Queries. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 89:1-89:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{schibler_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.89,
author = {Schibler, Thomas and Xue, Jie and Zhu, Jiumu},
title = {{Approximating Convex Hulls via Range Queries}},
booktitle = {42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
pages = {89:1--89:15},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-418-5},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {367},
editor = {Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.89},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258956},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.89},
annote = {Keywords: convex hull, range searching}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 366, 13th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2026)
Emilio Cruciani and Aditi Dudeja. The Careless Coupon Collector’s Problem. In 13th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 366, pp. 14:1-14:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{cruciani_et_al:LIPIcs.FUN.2026.14,
author = {Cruciani, Emilio and Dudeja, Aditi},
title = {{The Careless Coupon Collector’s Problem}},
booktitle = {13th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2026)},
pages = {14:1--14:21},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-417-8},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {366},
editor = {Iacono, John},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2026.14},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-257333},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2026.14},
annote = {Keywords: Coupon Collector, Markov Chains, Metastability}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 364, 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)
Swarnalipa Datta, Arijit Ghosh, Chandrima Kayal, Manaswi Paraashar, and Manmatha Roy. Spectral Norm, Economical Sieve, and Linear Invariance Testing of Boolean Functions. In 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 364, pp. 30:1-30:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{datta_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2026.30,
author = {Datta, Swarnalipa and Ghosh, Arijit and Kayal, Chandrima and Paraashar, Manaswi and Roy, Manmatha},
title = {{Spectral Norm, Economical Sieve, and Linear Invariance Testing of Boolean Functions}},
booktitle = {43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)},
pages = {30:1--30:21},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-412-3},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {364},
editor = {Mahajan, Meena and Manea, Florin and McIver, Annabelle and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.30},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-255194},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.30},
annote = {Keywords: Boolean Function, Isomorphism of Boolean Function, Fourier Analysis, Sublinear Algorithm, Property Testing}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 364, 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)
Samuel Humeau, Mamadou Moustapha Kanté, Daniel Mock, Timothé Picavet, and Alexandre Vigny. Testing H-Freeness on Sparse Graphs, the Case of Bounded Expansion. In 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 364, pp. 55:1-55:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{humeau_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2026.55,
author = {Humeau, Samuel and Kant\'{e}, Mamadou Moustapha and Mock, Daniel and Picavet, Timoth\'{e} and Vigny, Alexandre},
title = {{Testing H-Freeness on Sparse Graphs, the Case of Bounded Expansion}},
booktitle = {43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)},
pages = {55:1--55:18},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-412-3},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {364},
editor = {Mahajan, Meena and Manea, Florin and McIver, Annabelle and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.55},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-255441},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.55},
annote = {Keywords: Property testing, Sparsity, Bounded expansion, Treedepth}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)
Karthik C. S. and Saladi Rahul. Range Longest Increasing Subsequence and Its Relatives. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 87:1-87:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{karthikc.s._et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.87,
author = {Karthik C. S. and Rahul, Saladi},
title = {{Range Longest Increasing Subsequence and Its Relatives}},
booktitle = {17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
pages = {87:1--87:20},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-410-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {362},
editor = {Saraf, Shubhangi},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.87},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253740},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.87},
annote = {Keywords: Longest Increasing Subsequence, Range Query, Fine-Grained Complexity}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)
Matthias C. Caro, Preksha Naik, and Joseph Slote. Testing Classical Properties from Quantum Data. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 34:1-34:26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{caro_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.34,
author = {Caro, Matthias C. and Naik, Preksha and Slote, Joseph},
title = {{Testing Classical Properties from Quantum Data}},
booktitle = {17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
pages = {34:1--34:26},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-410-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {362},
editor = {Saraf, Shubhangi},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.34},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253213},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.34},
annote = {Keywords: Quantum Property Testing, Quantum Data, Boolean Functions}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 360, 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)
Dale Jacobs, John Jeang, Vladimir Podolskii, Morgan Prior, and Ilya Volkovich. Communication Complexity of Equality and Error-Correcting Codes. In 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 360, pp. 37:1-37:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{jacobs_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.37,
author = {Jacobs, Dale and Jeang, John and Podolskii, Vladimir and Prior, Morgan and Volkovich, Ilya},
title = {{Communication Complexity of Equality and Error-Correcting Codes}},
booktitle = {45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)},
pages = {37:1--37:19},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-406-2},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {360},
editor = {Aiswarya, C. and Mehta, Ruta and Roy, Subhajit},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.37},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-251175},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.37},
annote = {Keywords: communication complexity, randomized communication complexity, error-correcting codes}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 359, 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)
Mark de Berg, Bart M. P. Jansen, and Jeroen S. K. Lamme. Star-Based Separators for Intersection Graphs of c-Colored Pseudo-Segments. In 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 359, pp. 12:1-12:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{deberg_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.12,
author = {de Berg, Mark and Jansen, Bart M. P. and Lamme, Jeroen S. K.},
title = {{Star-Based Separators for Intersection Graphs of c-Colored Pseudo-Segments}},
booktitle = {36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)},
pages = {12:1--12:16},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-408-6},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {359},
editor = {Chen, Ho-Lin and Hon, Wing-Kai and Tsai, Meng-Tsung},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.12},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-249207},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.12},
annote = {Keywords: Computational geometry, intersection graphs, biclique-based separators, distance oracles}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 357, 33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025)
Parinya Chalermsook, Ly Orgo, and Minoo Zarsav. On Geometric Bipartite Graphs with Asymptotically Smallest Zarankiewicz Numbers. In 33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 357, pp. 21:1-21:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{chalermsook_et_al:LIPIcs.GD.2025.21,
author = {Chalermsook, Parinya and Orgo, Ly and Zarsav, Minoo},
title = {{On Geometric Bipartite Graphs with Asymptotically Smallest Zarankiewicz Numbers}},
booktitle = {33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025)},
pages = {21:1--21:24},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-403-1},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {357},
editor = {Dujmovi\'{c}, Vida and Montecchiani, Fabrizio},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.21},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-250074},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.21},
annote = {Keywords: Bipartite graph classes, extremal graph theory, geometric intersection graphs, Zarankiewicz problem, bicliques}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 351, 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025)
Artur Czumaj, Christian Sohler, and Stefan Walzer. Testing Depth First Search Numbering. In 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 351, pp. 78:1-78:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{czumaj_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2025.78,
author = {Czumaj, Artur and Sohler, Christian and Walzer, Stefan},
title = {{Testing Depth First Search Numbering}},
booktitle = {33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025)},
pages = {78:1--78:16},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-395-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {351},
editor = {Benoit, Anne and Kaplan, Haim and Wild, Sebastian and Herman, Grzegorz},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.78},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-245466},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.78},
annote = {Keywords: Randomized Algorithms, Graph Algorithms, Property Testing}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 351, 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025)
Christian Konrad and Chhaya Trehan. Constructing Long Paths in Graph Streams. In 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 351, pp. 22:1-22:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{konrad_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2025.22,
author = {Konrad, Christian and Trehan, Chhaya},
title = {{Constructing Long Paths in Graph Streams}},
booktitle = {33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025)},
pages = {22:1--22:19},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-395-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {351},
editor = {Benoit, Anne and Kaplan, Haim and Wild, Sebastian and Herman, Grzegorz},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.22},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244902},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.22},
annote = {Keywords: Longest Path Problem, Streaming Algorithms, One-way Two-party Communication Complexity}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 351, 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025)
Peyman Afshani, Maike Buchin, Anne Driemel, Marena Richter, and Sampson Wong. Property Testing of Curve Similarity. In 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 351, pp. 84:1-84:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{afshani_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2025.84,
author = {Afshani, Peyman and Buchin, Maike and Driemel, Anne and Richter, Marena and Wong, Sampson},
title = {{Property Testing of Curve Similarity}},
booktitle = {33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025)},
pages = {84:1--84:16},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-395-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {351},
editor = {Benoit, Anne and Kaplan, Haim and Wild, Sebastian and Herman, Grzegorz},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.84},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-245522},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.84},
annote = {Keywords: Fr\'{e}chet distance, Trajectory Analysis, Curve Similarity, Property Testing, Monotonicity Testing}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)
Artur Riazanov, Anastasia Sofronova, Dmitry Sokolov, and Weiqiang Yuan. Searching for Falsified Clause in Random (log{n})-CNFs Is Hard for Randomized Communication. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 64:1-64:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{riazanov_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.64,
author = {Riazanov, Artur and Sofronova, Anastasia and Sokolov, Dmitry and Yuan, Weiqiang},
title = {{Searching for Falsified Clause in Random (log\{n\})-CNFs Is Hard for Randomized Communication}},
booktitle = {Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
pages = {64:1--64:17},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-397-3},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {353},
editor = {Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.64},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244306},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.64},
annote = {Keywords: communication complexity, proof complexity, random CNF}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)
Simon Apers, Frédéric Magniez, Sayantan Sen, and Dániel Szabó. Quantum Property Testing in Sparse Directed Graphs. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 32:1-32:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{apers_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.32,
author = {Apers, Simon and Magniez, Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric and Sen, Sayantan and Szab\'{o}, D\'{a}niel},
title = {{Quantum Property Testing in Sparse Directed Graphs}},
booktitle = {Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
pages = {32:1--32:24},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-397-3},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {353},
editor = {Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.32},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-243987},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.32},
annote = {Keywords: property testing, quantum computing, bounded-degree directed graphs, dual polynomial method, collision finding}
}