29 Search Results for "Pemmaraju, Sriram V."


Document
Covering and Partitioning Complex Objects with Small Pieces

Authors: Anders Aamand, Mikkel Abrahamsen, Reilly Browne, Mayank Goswami, Prahlad Narasimhan Kasthurirangan, Linda Kleist, Joseph S. B. Mitchell, Valentin Polishchuk, and Jack Stade

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)


Abstract
We study the problems of covering or partitioning a polygon P (possibly with holes) using a minimum number of small pieces, where a small piece is a connected sub-polygon contained in an axis-aligned unit square. For covering, we seek to write P as a union of small pieces, and in partitioning, we furthermore require the pieces to be pairwise interior-disjoint. We show that these problems are in fact equivalent: Optimum covers and partitions have the same number of pieces. For covering, a natural local search algorithm repeatedly attempts to replace k pieces from a candidate cover with k-1 pieces. In two dimensions and for sufficiently large k, we show that when no such swap is possible, the cover is a 1+ O(1/√k) approximation, hence obtaining the first PTAS for the problem. Prior to our work, the only known algorithm was a 13-approximation that only works for polygons without holes [Abrahamsen and Rasmussen, SODA 2025]. In contrast, in the three dimensional version of the problem, for a polyhedron P of complexity n, we show that it is NP-hard to approximate an optimal cover or partition to within a factor that is logarithmic in n, even if P is simple, i.e., has genus 0 and no holes.

Cite as

Anders Aamand, Mikkel Abrahamsen, Reilly Browne, Mayank Goswami, Prahlad Narasimhan Kasthurirangan, Linda Kleist, Joseph S. B. Mitchell, Valentin Polishchuk, and Jack Stade. Covering and Partitioning Complex Objects with Small Pieces. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 1:1-1:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{aamand_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.1,
  author =	{Aamand, Anders and Abrahamsen, Mikkel and Browne, Reilly and Goswami, Mayank and Kasthurirangan, Prahlad Narasimhan and Kleist, Linda and Mitchell, Joseph S. B. and Polishchuk, Valentin and Stade, Jack},
  title =	{{Covering and Partitioning Complex Objects with Small Pieces}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-418-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{367},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258077},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Covering, partitioning, polygon, small piece, PTAS}
}
Document
Upward Book Embeddings of Partitioned Digraphs

Authors: Giordano Da Lozzo, Fabrizio Frati, and Ignaz Rutter

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)


Abstract
In 1999, Heath, Pemmaraju, and Trenk [SIAM J. Comput. 28(4), 1999] extended the classic notion of book embeddings to digraphs, introducing the concept of upward book embeddings, in which the vertices must appear along the spine in a topological order and the edges are partitioned into pages, so that no two edges in the same page cross. For a partitioned digraph G = (V, ⋃^k_{i=1} E_i), that is, a digraph whose edge set is partitioned into k subsets, an upward book embedding is required to assign edges to pages as prescribed by the given partition. In a companion paper, Heath and Pemmaraju [SIAM J. Comput. 28(5), 1999] proved that the problem of testing the existence of an upward book embedding of a partitioned digraph is linear-time solvable for k = 1 and recently Akitaya, Demaine, Hesterberg, and Liu [GD, 2017] have shown the problem NP-complete for k ≥ 3. In this paper, we study upward book embeddings of partitioned digraphs and focus on the unsolved case k = 2. Our first main result is a novel characterization of the upward embeddings that support an upward book embedding in two pages. We exploit this characterization in several ways, and obtain a rich picture of the complexity landscape of the problem. First, we show that the problem remains NP-complete when k = 2, thus closing the complexity gap for the problem. Second, we show that, for an n-vertex partitioned digraph with a prescribed planar embedding, the existence of an upward book embedding that respects the given planar embedding can be tested in O(n log³ n) time. Finally, leveraging the SPQ(R)-tree decomposition of biconnected graphs into triconnected components, we present a cubic-time testing algorithm for biconnected directed partial 2-trees.

Cite as

Giordano Da Lozzo, Fabrizio Frati, and Ignaz Rutter. Upward Book Embeddings of Partitioned Digraphs. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 36:1-36:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{dalozzo_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.36,
  author =	{Da Lozzo, Giordano and Frati, Fabrizio and Rutter, Ignaz},
  title =	{{Upward Book Embeddings of Partitioned Digraphs}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
  pages =	{36:1--36:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-418-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{367},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.36},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258424},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.36},
  annote =	{Keywords: upward book embeddings, partitioned digraphs, SPQ-trees, 2-trees}
}
Document
Beyond 2-Edge-Connectivity: Algorithms and Impossibility for Content-Oblivious Leader Election

Authors: Yi-Jun Chang, Lyuting Chen, and Haoran Zhou

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)


Abstract
The content-oblivious model, introduced by Censor-Hillel, Cohen, Gelles, and Sela (PODC 2022; Distributed Computing 2023), captures an extremely weak form of communication where nodes can only send asynchronous, content-less pulses. They showed that in 2-edge-connected networks, any distributed algorithm can be simulated in the content-oblivious model, provided that a unique leader is designated a priori. Subsequent works of Frei, Gelles, Ghazy, and Nolin (DISC 2024) and Chalopin et al. (DISC 2025) developed content-oblivious leader election algorithms, first for unoriented rings and then for general 2-edge-connected graphs. These results establish that all graph problems are solvable in content-oblivious, 2-edge-connected networks. Much less is known about networks that are not 2-edge-connected. Censor-Hillel, Cohen, Gelles, and Sela showed that no non-constant function f(x,y) can be computed correctly by two parties using content-oblivious communication over a single edge, where one party holds x and the other holds y. This seemingly ruled out many natural graph problems on non-2-edge-connected graphs. In this work, we show that, with the knowledge of network topology G, leader election is possible in a wide range of graphs. Our main contributions are as follows: Impossibility: Graphs symmetric about an edge admit no randomized terminating leader election algorithm, even when nodes have unique identifiers and full knowledge of G. Leader election algorithms: Trees that are not symmetric about any edge admit a quiescently terminating leader election algorithm with topology knowledge, even in anonymous networks, using O(n²) messages, where n is the number of nodes. Moreover, even-diameter trees admit a terminating leader election given only the knowledge of the network diameter D = 2r, with message complexity O(nr). Necessity of topology knowledge: In the family of graphs 𝒢 = {P₃, P₅}, both the 3-path P₃ and the 5-path P₅ admit a quiescently terminating leader election if nodes know the topology exactly. However, if nodes only know that the underlying topology belongs to 𝒢, then terminating leader election is impossible.

Cite as

Yi-Jun Chang, Lyuting Chen, and Haoran Zhou. Beyond 2-Edge-Connectivity: Algorithms and Impossibility for Content-Oblivious Leader Election. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 36:1-36:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{chang_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.36,
  author =	{Chang, Yi-Jun and Chen, Lyuting and Zhou, Haoran},
  title =	{{Beyond 2-Edge-Connectivity: Algorithms and Impossibility for Content-Oblivious Leader Election}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{36:1--36:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.36},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253239},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.36},
  annote =	{Keywords: Asynchronous model, fault tolerance, quiescent termination}
}
Document
Computing in a Faulty Congested Clique

Authors: Keren Censor-Hillel and Pedro Soto

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 361, 29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2025)


Abstract
We study a Faulty Congested Clique model, in which an adversary may fail nodes in the network throughout the computation. We show that any task of O(nlog{n})-bit input per node can be solved in roughly n rounds, where n is the size of the network. This nearly matches the linear upper bound on the complexity of the non-faulty Congested Clique model for such problems, by learning the entire input, and it holds in the faulty model even with a linear number of faults. Our main contribution is that we establish that one can do much better by looking more closely at the computation. Given a deterministic algorithm 𝒜 for the non-faulty Congested Clique model, we show how to transform it into an algorithm 𝒜' for the faulty model, with an overhead that could be as small as some logarithmic-in-n factor, by considering refined complexity measures of 𝒜. As an exemplifying application of our approach, we show that the O(n^{1/3})-round complexity of semi-ring matrix multiplication [Censor{-}Hillel, Kaski, Korhonen, Lenzen, Paz, Suomela, PODC 2015] remains the same up to polylog factors in the faulty model, even if the adversary can fail 99% of the nodes (or any other constant fraction).

Cite as

Keren Censor-Hillel and Pedro Soto. Computing in a Faulty Congested Clique. In 29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 361, pp. 10:1-10:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{censorhillel_et_al:LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.10,
  author =	{Censor-Hillel, Keren and Soto, Pedro},
  title =	{{Computing in a Faulty Congested Clique}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2025)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-409-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{361},
  editor =	{Arusoaie, Andrei and Onica, Emanuel and Spear, Michael and Tucci-Piergiovanni, Sara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-251833},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: distributed computing, graph algorithms, computing with faults}
}
Document
Overlay Network Construction: Improved Overall and Node-Wise Message Complexity

Authors: Yi-Jun Chang, Yanyu Chen, and Gopinath Mishra

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 360, 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)


Abstract
We consider the problem of constructing distributed overlay networks, where nodes in a reconfigurable system can create or sever connections with nodes whose identifiers they know. Initially, each node knows only its own and its neighbors' identifiers, forming a local channel, while the evolving structure is termed the global channel. The goal is to reconfigure any connected graph into a desired topology, such as a bounded-degree expander graph or a well-formed tree (WFT) with a constant maximum degree and logarithmic diameter, minimizing the total number of rounds and message complexity. This problem mirrors real-world peer-to-peer network construction, where creating robust and efficient systems is desired. We study the overlay reconstruction problem in a network of n nodes in two models: GOSSIP-reply and HYBRID. In the GOSSIP-reply model, each node can send a message and receive a corresponding reply message in one round. In the HYBRID model, a node can send O(1) messages to each neighbor in the local channel and a total of O(log n) messages in the global channel. In both models, we propose protocols for WFT construction with O (n log n) message complexities using messages of O(log n) bits. In the GOSSIP-reply model, our protocol takes O(log n) rounds while in the HYBRID model, our protocol takes O(log² n) rounds. Both protocols use O (n log² n) bits of communication. We obtain improved bounds over prior work: GOSSIP-reply: A recent result by Dufoulon et al. (ITCS 2024) achieved O(log⁵ n) round complexity and O (n log⁵ n) message complexity using messages of at least Ω(log² n) bits in GOSSIP-reply. With messages of size O(log n), our protocol achieves an optimal round complexity of O(log n) and an improved message complexity of O(n log n). HYBRID: Götte et al. (Distributed Computing 2023) showed an optimal O(log n)-round algorithm with O(log² n) global messages per round which incurs a message complexity of Ω(m), where m is the number of edges in the initial topology. At the cost of increasing the round complexity to O(log² n) while using only O(log n) messages globally, our protocol achieves a message complexity that is independent of m. Our approach ensures that the total number of messages for node v, with degree deg(v) in the initial topology, is bounded by O(deg(v) + log n), while the algorithm of Götte et al. requires O(deg(v) + (log⁴ n)/(log log n)) messages per node.

Cite as

Yi-Jun Chang, Yanyu Chen, and Gopinath Mishra. Overlay Network Construction: Improved Overall and Node-Wise Message Complexity. In 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 360, pp. 21:1-21:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{chang_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.21,
  author =	{Chang, Yi-Jun and Chen, Yanyu and Mishra, Gopinath},
  title =	{{Overlay Network Construction: Improved Overall and Node-Wise Message Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)},
  pages =	{21:1--21:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-406-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{360},
  editor =	{Aiswarya, C. and Mehta, Ruta and Roy, Subhajit},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-251025},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distributed algorithms, Overlay networks, Expander graphs}
}
Document
Minimum Partition of Polygons Under Width and Cut Constraints

Authors: Jaehoon Chung, Kazuo Iwama, Chung-Shou Liao, and Hee-Kap Ahn

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 359, 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)


Abstract
We study the problem of partitioning a polygon into the minimum number of subpolygons using cuts in predetermined directions such that each resulting subpolygon satisfies a given width constraint. A polygon satisfies the unit-width constraint for a set of unit vectors if the length of the orthogonal projection of the polygon on a line parallel to a vector in the set is at most one. We analyze structural properties of the minimum partition numbers, focusing on monotonicity under polygon containment. We show that the minimum partition number of a simple polygon is at least that of any subpolygon, provided that the subpolygon satisfies a certain orientation-wise convexity with respect to the polygon. As a consequence, we prove a partition analogue of the Bang’s conjecture about coverings of convex regions in the plane: for any partition of a convex body in the plane, the sum of relative widths of all parts is at least one. For any convex polygon, there exists a direction along which an optimal partition is achieved by parallel cuts. Given such a direction, an optimal partition can be computed in linear time.

Cite as

Jaehoon Chung, Kazuo Iwama, Chung-Shou Liao, and Hee-Kap Ahn. Minimum Partition of Polygons Under Width and Cut Constraints. In 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 359, pp. 22:1-22:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{chung_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.22,
  author =	{Chung, Jaehoon and Iwama, Kazuo and Liao, Chung-Shou and Ahn, Hee-Kap},
  title =	{{Minimum Partition of Polygons Under Width and Cut Constraints}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-408-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{359},
  editor =	{Chen, Ho-Lin and Hon, Wing-Kai and Tsai, Meng-Tsung},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-249302},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Polygon partitioning, Width constraints, Plank problem}
}
Document
The Page Number of Monotone Directed Acyclic Outerplanar Graphs Is Four or Five

Authors: Jawaherul Md. Alam, Michael A. Bekos, Martin Gronemann, and Michael Kaufmann

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 357, 33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025)


Abstract
A k-page book embedding of a directed acyclic graph consists of a topological order of its vertices and a k-coloring of its edges, such that no two edges of the same color cross, that is, their endpoints do not alternate in the order. The minimum value of k for which such an embedding exists is referred to as the page number of the graph. In contrast to general directed acyclic planar graphs, which may have unbounded page number [SIAM J. Comput. 28(5), 1999], it was recently shown that directed acyclic outerplanar graphs have bounded page number. In particular, Jungeblut, Merker and Ueckerdt provided an upper bound of 24,776 on their page number [FOCS 2023: 1937-1952]. In this work, we focus on so-called monotone directed acyclic outerplanar graphs. Starting from a single edge, these graphs are constructed by iteratively connecting a new vertex to the endpoints of an existing edge on the outer face using either two incoming or two outgoing edges incident to it. These graphs have twist-number 4 [GD 2023: 135-151] (i.e., they admit a topological order in which no more than four edges pairwise cross), a property, which was leveraged by Jungeblut, Merker and Ueckerdt to show that their page number is at most 128. We lower this upper bound to 5 and we also provide a lower bound of 4. A notable consequence of our result is a significant improvement of the upper bound on the page number of general directed outerplanar graphs from 24,776 to 1,160.

Cite as

Jawaherul Md. Alam, Michael A. Bekos, Martin Gronemann, and Michael Kaufmann. The Page Number of Monotone Directed Acyclic Outerplanar Graphs Is Four or Five. In 33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 357, pp. 9:1-9:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{alam_et_al:LIPIcs.GD.2025.9,
  author =	{Alam, Jawaherul Md. and Bekos, Michael A. and Gronemann, Martin and Kaufmann, Michael},
  title =	{{The Page Number of Monotone Directed Acyclic Outerplanar Graphs Is Four or Five}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-403-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{357},
  editor =	{Dujmovi\'{c}, Vida and Montecchiani, Fabrizio},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-249952},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Book embeddings, page number, directed outerplanar graphs}
}
Document
On the Shape Containment Problem Within the Amoebot Model with Reconfigurable Circuits

Authors: Matthias Artmann, Andreas Padalkin, and Christian Scheideler

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 356, 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)


Abstract
In programmable matter, we consider a large number of tiny, primitive computational entities called particles that run distributed algorithms to control global properties of the particle structure. Shape formation problems, where the particles have to reorganize themselves into a desired shape using basic movement abilities, are particularly interesting. In the related shape containment problem, the particles are given the description of a shape S and have to find maximally scaled representations of S within the initial configuration, without movements. For example, if S is a triangle, they have to identify the largest subsets of particles that already form a triangle. While the shape formation problem is being studied extensively, no attention has been given to the shape containment problem, which may have additional uses besides shape formation, such as detecting structural flaws. In this paper, we consider the shape containment problem within the geometric amoebot model for programmable matter, using its reconfigurable circuit extension to enable the instantaneous transmission of primitive signals on connected subsets of particles. We first prove a lower runtime bound of Ω (√n) synchronous rounds for the general problem, where n is the number of particles. Then, we present simple and efficient primitives for identifying subsets that form the desired shape. Using these primitives, we construct a large class of shapes which we call snowflakes. This class contains, among others, all shapes composed of parallelograms and hexagons, and the class of star convex shapes. Let k be the maximum scale of the considered shape in a given amoebot structure. If the shape is star convex, we solve it within 𝒪 (log² k) rounds. If it is a snowflake but not star convex, we solve it within 𝒪 (√n log n) rounds.

Cite as

Matthias Artmann, Andreas Padalkin, and Christian Scheideler. On the Shape Containment Problem Within the Amoebot Model with Reconfigurable Circuits. In 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 356, pp. 7:1-7:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{artmann_et_al:LIPIcs.DISC.2025.7,
  author =	{Artmann, Matthias and Padalkin, Andreas and Scheideler, Christian},
  title =	{{On the Shape Containment Problem Within the Amoebot Model with Reconfigurable Circuits}},
  booktitle =	{39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-402-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{356},
  editor =	{Kowalski, Dariusz R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-248240},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Programmable matter, amoebot model, reconfigurable circuits, shape containment}
}
Document
Team Formation and Applications

Authors: Yuval Emek, Shay Kutten, Ido Rafael, and Gadi Taubenfeld

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 356, 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)


Abstract
A novel long-lived distributed problem, called Team Formation (TF), is introduced together with a message- and time-efficient randomized algorithm. The problem is defined over the asynchronous model with a complete communication graph, using bounded size messages, where a certain fraction of the nodes may experience a generalized, strictly stronger, version of initial failures. The goal of a TF algorithm is to assemble tokens injected by the environment, in a distributed manner, into teams of size σ, where σ is a parameter of the problem. The usefulness of TF is demonstrated by using it to derive efficient algorithms for many distributed problems. Specifically, we show that various (one-shot as well as long-lived) distributed problems reduce to TF. This includes well-known (and extensively studied) distributed problems such as several versions of leader election and threshold detection. For example, we are the first to break the linear message complexity bound for asynchronous implicit leader election. We also improve the time complexity of message-optimal algorithms for asynchronous explicit leader election. Other distributed problems that reduce to TF are new ones, including matching players in online gaming platforms, a generalization of gathering, constructing a perfect matching in an induced subgraph of the complete graph, and more. To complement our positive contribution, we establish a tight lower bound on the message complexity of TF algorithms.

Cite as

Yuval Emek, Shay Kutten, Ido Rafael, and Gadi Taubenfeld. Team Formation and Applications. In 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 356, pp. 30:1-30:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{emek_et_al:LIPIcs.DISC.2025.30,
  author =	{Emek, Yuval and Kutten, Shay and Rafael, Ido and Taubenfeld, Gadi},
  title =	{{Team Formation and Applications}},
  booktitle =	{39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)},
  pages =	{30:1--30:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-402-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{356},
  editor =	{Kowalski, Dariusz R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.30},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-248474},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.30},
  annote =	{Keywords: asynchronous message-passing, complete communication graph, initial failures, leader election, matching}
}
Document
Brief Announcement
Brief Announcement: Congested Clique Counting for Local Gibbs Distributions

Authors: Joshua Z. Sobel

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 356, 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)


Abstract
There are well established reductions between combinatorial sampling and counting problems (Jerrum, Valiant, Vazirani TCS 1986). Building off of a very recent parallel algorithm utilizing this connection (Liu, Yin, Zhang arxiv 2024), we demonstrate the first approximate counting algorithm in the CongestedClique for a wide range of problems. Most interestingly, we present an algorithm for approximating the number of q-colorings of a graph within ε-multiplicative error, when q > αΔ for any constant α > 2, in Õ((n^{1/3})/ε²) rounds. More generally, we achieve a runtime of Õ((n^{1/3})/ε²) rounds for approximating the partition function of Gibbs distributions defined over graphs when simple locality and fast mixing conditions hold. Gibbs distributions are widely used in fields such as machine learning and statistical physics. We obtain our result by providing an algorithm to draw n random samples from a distributed Markov chain in parallel, using similar ideas to triangle counting (Dolev, Lenzen, Peled DISC 2012) and semiring matrix multiplication (Censor-Hillel, Kaski, Korhonen, Lenzen, Paz, Suomela PODC 2015). Aside from counting problems, this result may be interesting for other applications requiring a large number of samples.

Cite as

Joshua Z. Sobel. Brief Announcement: Congested Clique Counting for Local Gibbs Distributions. In 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 356, pp. 65:1-65:7, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{sobel:LIPIcs.DISC.2025.65,
  author =	{Sobel, Joshua Z.},
  title =	{{Brief Announcement: Congested Clique Counting for Local Gibbs Distributions}},
  booktitle =	{39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)},
  pages =	{65:1--65:7},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-402-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{356},
  editor =	{Kowalski, Dariusz R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.65},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-248811},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.65},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distributed Sampling, Approximate Counting, Markov Chains, Gibbs Distributions}
}
Document
Two for One, One for All: Deterministic LDC-Based Robust Computation in Congested Clique

Authors: Keren Censor-Hillel, Orr Fischer, Ran Gelles, and Pedro Soto

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 356, 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)


Abstract
We design a deterministic compiler that makes any computation in the Congested Clique model robust to a constant fraction α < 1 of adversarial crash faults. In particular, we show how a network of n nodes can compute any circuit of depth d, width ω, and gate total fan Δ, in d ⋅ ⌈ω/n² + Δ/n⌉ ⋅ 2^{O(√{log{n}}log log{n})} rounds in such a faulty model. As a corollary, any T-round Congested Clique algorithm can be compiled into an algorithm that completes in T² n^{o(1)} rounds in this model. Our compiler obtains resilience to node crashes by coding information across the network, and its main underlying observation is that we can leverage locally-decodable codes (LDCs) to maintain a low complexity overhead, as these allow recovering the information needed at each computational step by querying only small parts of the codeword, instead of retrieving the entire coded message, which is inherent when using block codes. The main technical contribution is that because erasures occur in known locations, which correspond to crashed nodes, we can derandomize classical LDC constructions by deterministically selecting query sets that avoid sufficiently many erasures. Moreover, when decoding multiple codewords in parallel, our derandomization load-balances the queries per-node, thereby preventing congestion and maintaining a low round complexity. Deterministic decoding of LDCs presents a new challenge: the adversary can target precisely the (few) nodes that are queried for decoding a certain codeword. We overcome this issue via an adaptive doubling strategy: if a decoding attempt for a codeword fails, the node doubles the number of its decoding attempts. We employ a similar doubling technique when the adversary crashes the decoding node itself, replacing it dynamically with two other non-crashed nodes. By carefully combining these two doubling processes, we overcome the challenges posed by the combination of a deterministic LDC with a worst case pattern of crashes.

Cite as

Keren Censor-Hillel, Orr Fischer, Ran Gelles, and Pedro Soto. Two for One, One for All: Deterministic LDC-Based Robust Computation in Congested Clique. In 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 356, pp. 20:1-20:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{censorhillel_et_al:LIPIcs.DISC.2025.20,
  author =	{Censor-Hillel, Keren and Fischer, Orr and Gelles, Ran and Soto, Pedro},
  title =	{{Two for One, One for All: Deterministic LDC-Based Robust Computation in Congested Clique}},
  booktitle =	{39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-402-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{356},
  editor =	{Kowalski, Dariusz R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-248379},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Congested Clique, Fault Tolerance, Error Correction Codes}
}
Document
Amnesiac Flooding: Easy to Break, Hard to Escape

Authors: Henry Austin, Maximilien Gadouleau, George B. Mertzios, and Amitabh Trehan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 356, 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)


Abstract
Broadcast is a central problem in distributed computing. Recently, Hussak and Trehan [PODC'19/ STACS'20/DC'23] proposed a stateless broadcasting protocol (Amnesiac Flooding), which was surprisingly proven to terminate in asymptotically optimal time (linear in the diameter of the network). However, it remains unclear: (i) Are there other stateless terminating broadcast algorithms with the desirable properties of Amnesiac Flooding, (ii) How robust is Amnesiac Flooding with respect to faults? In this paper we make progress on both of these fronts. Under a reasonable restriction (obliviousness to message content) additional to the fault-free synchronous model, we prove that Amnesiac Flooding is the only strictly stateless deterministic protocol that can achieve terminating broadcast. We achieve this by identifying four natural properties of a terminating broadcast protocol that Amnesiac Flooding uniquely satisfies. In contrast, we prove that even minor relaxations of any of these four criteria allow the construction of other terminating broadcast protocols. On the other hand, we prove that Amnesiac Flooding can become non-terminating or non-broadcasting, even if we allow just one node to drop a single message on a single edge in a single round. As a tool for proving this, we focus on the set of all configurations of transmissions between nodes in the network, and obtain a dichotomy characterizing the configurations, starting from which, Amnesiac Flooding terminates. Additionally, we characterise the structure of sets of Byzantine agents capable of forcing non-termination or non-broadcast of the protocol on arbitrary networks.

Cite as

Henry Austin, Maximilien Gadouleau, George B. Mertzios, and Amitabh Trehan. Amnesiac Flooding: Easy to Break, Hard to Escape. In 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 356, pp. 10:1-10:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{austin_et_al:LIPIcs.DISC.2025.10,
  author =	{Austin, Henry and Gadouleau, Maximilien and Mertzios, George B. and Trehan, Amitabh},
  title =	{{Amnesiac Flooding: Easy to Break, Hard to Escape}},
  booktitle =	{39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-402-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{356},
  editor =	{Kowalski, Dariusz R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-248273},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Amnesiac flooding, Terminating protocol, Algorithm state, Stateless protocol, Flooding algorithm, Network algorithms, Graph theory, Termination, Communication, Broadcast}
}
Document
Deterministic Synchronous Self-Stabilizing BFS Construction with Constant Space Complexity

Authors: Lélia Blin, Franck Petit, and Sébastien Tixeuil

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 356, 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)


Abstract
In this paper, we resolve a long-standing open problem in self-stabilization asking whether it is possible to construct a spanning tree using constant memory per node in a synchronous semi-uniform networks, i.e., networks in which one node is distinguished. We design a synchronous self-stabilizing algorithm that constructs a breadth-first search (BFS) tree in any anonymous semi-uniform network using only a constant number of bits of memory per node. Crucially, our approach operates without any prior knowledge of global network parameters such as maximum degree, diameter, or number of nodes. In contrast to traditional self-stabilizing methods - such as pointer-to-neighbors, distance-to-root, or identifiers - that are unsuitable under strict memory constraints, our solution employs an innovative constant-space token dissemination mechanism. This mechanism effectively eliminates cycles and rectifies errors in the BFS structure, ensuring both correctness and memory efficiency. The proposed algorithm not only meets the stringent requirements of memory-constrained distributed systems, but also opens new avenues for research in the design of self-stabilizing protocols under severe resource limitations: constant space-complexity may not systematically prevent the existence of self-stabilizing algorithms for important non-trivial tasks.

Cite as

Lélia Blin, Franck Petit, and Sébastien Tixeuil. Deterministic Synchronous Self-Stabilizing BFS Construction with Constant Space Complexity. In 39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 356, pp. 17:1-17:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{blin_et_al:LIPIcs.DISC.2025.17,
  author =	{Blin, L\'{e}lia and Petit, Franck and Tixeuil, S\'{e}bastien},
  title =	{{Deterministic Synchronous Self-Stabilizing BFS Construction with Constant Space Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{39th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2025)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-402-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{356},
  editor =	{Kowalski, Dariusz R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-248349},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2025.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distributed algorithms, fault-tolerance, transient faults, self-stabilization, memory optimization}
}
Document
Linear Layouts Revisited: Stacks, Queues, and Exact Algorithms

Authors: Thomas Depian, Simon D. Fink, Robert Ganian, and Vaishali Surianarayanan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 351, 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025)


Abstract
In spite of the extensive study of stack and queue layouts, many fundamental questions remain open concerning the complexity-theoretic frontiers for computing stack and queue layouts. A stack (resp. queue) layout places vertices along a line and assigns edges to pages so that no two edges on the same page are crossing (resp. nested). We provide three new algorithms which together substantially expand our understanding of these problems: 1) A fixed-parameter algorithm for computing minimum-page stack and queue layouts w.r.t. the vertex integrity of an n-vertex graph G. This result is motivated by an open question in the literature and generalizes the previous algorithms parameterizing by the vertex cover number of G. The proof relies on a newly developed Ramsey pruning technique. Vertex integrity intuitively measures the vertex deletion distance to a subgraph with only small connected components. 2) An n^𝒪(q 𝓁) algorithm for computing 𝓁-page stack and queue layouts of page width at most q. This is the first algorithm avoiding a double-exponential dependency on the parameters. The page width of a layout measures the maximum number of edges one needs to cross on any page to reach the outer face. 3) A 2^𝒪(n) algorithm for computing 1-page queue layouts. This improves upon the previously fastest n^𝒪(n) algorithm and can be seen as a counterpart to the recent subexponential algorithm for computing 2-page stack layouts [ICALP'24], but relies on an entirely different technique.

Cite as

Thomas Depian, Simon D. Fink, Robert Ganian, and Vaishali Surianarayanan. Linear Layouts Revisited: Stacks, Queues, and Exact Algorithms. In 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 351, pp. 15:1-15:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{depian_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2025.15,
  author =	{Depian, Thomas and Fink, Simon D. and Ganian, Robert and Surianarayanan, Vaishali},
  title =	{{Linear Layouts Revisited: Stacks, Queues, and Exact Algorithms}},
  booktitle =	{33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-395-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{351},
  editor =	{Benoit, Anne and Kaplan, Haim and Wild, Sebastian and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244835},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: stack layouts, queue layouts, parameterized algorithms, vertex integrity, Ramsey theory}
}
Document
Subcoloring of (Unit) Disk Graphs

Authors: Malory Marin and Rémi Watrigant

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 345, 50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025)


Abstract
A subcoloring of a graph is a partition of its vertex set into subsets (called colors), each inducing a disjoint union of cliques. It is a natural generalization of the classical proper coloring, in which each color must instead induce an independent set. Similarly to proper coloring, we define the subchromatic number of a graph as the minimum integer k such that it admits a subcoloring with k colors, and the corresponding problem k-Subcoloring which asks whether a graph has subchromatic number at most k. In this paper, we initiate the study of the subcoloring of (unit) disk graphs. One motivation stems from the fact that disk graphs can be seen as a dense generalization of planar graphs where, intuitively, each vertex can be blown into a large clique-much like subcoloring generalizes proper coloring. Interestingly, it can be observed that every unit disk graph admits a subcoloring with at most 7 colors. We first prove that the subchromatic number can be 3-approximated in polynomial-time in unit disk graphs. We then present several hardness results for special cases of unit disk graphs which somehow prevents the use of classical approaches for improving this result. We show in particular that 2-Subcoloring remains NP-hard in triangle-free unit disk graphs, as well as in unit disk graphs representable within a strip of bounded height. We also solve an open question of Broersma, Fomin, Nešetřil, and Woeginger (2002) by proving that 3-Subcoloring remains NP-hard in co-comparability graphs (which contain unit disk graphs representable within a strip of height √3/2). Finally, we prove that every n-vertex disk graph admits a subcoloring with at most O(log³(n)) colors and present a O(log²(n))-approximation algorithm for computing the subchromatic number of such graphs. This is achieved by defining a decomposition and a special type of co-comparability disk graph, called Δ-disk graphs, which might be of independent interest.

Cite as

Malory Marin and Rémi Watrigant. Subcoloring of (Unit) Disk Graphs. In 50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 345, pp. 74:1-74:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{marin_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.74,
  author =	{Marin, Malory and Watrigant, R\'{e}mi},
  title =	{{Subcoloring of (Unit) Disk Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025)},
  pages =	{74:1--74:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-388-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{345},
  editor =	{Gawrychowski, Pawe{\l} and Mazowiecki, Filip and Skrzypczak, Micha{\l}},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.74},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-241811},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.74},
  annote =	{Keywords: subcoloring, algorithms, disk graphs, unit disk graphs}
}
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