31 Search Results for "Dennis, Michael"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2024.14
Learning Temporal Properties from Event Logs via Sequential Analysis

Authors: Francesco Chiariello

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 318, 31st International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2024)

Abstract
In this work, we present a novel approach to learning Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulae from event logs by leveraging statistical techniques from sequential analysis. In particular, we employ the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT), using Trace Alignment to quantify the discrepancy between a trace and a candidate LTL formula. We then test the proposed approach in a controlled experimental setting and highlight its advantages, which include robustness to noise and data efficiency.
Cite as

Francesco Chiariello. Learning Temporal Properties from Event Logs via Sequential Analysis. In 31st International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 318, pp. 14:1-14:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{chiariello:LIPIcs.TIME.2024.14,
  author =	{Chiariello, Francesco},
  title =	{{Learning Temporal Properties from Event Logs via Sequential Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{31st International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2024)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-349-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{318},
  editor =	{Sala, Pietro and Sioutis, Michael and Wang, Fusheng},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2024.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-212217},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2024.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Process Mining, Declarative Process Discovery, Trace Alignment, Sequential Analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.2
Indexing Graphs for Shortest Beer Path Queries

Authors: David Coudert, Andrea D'Ascenzo, and Mattia D'Emidio

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 123, 24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024)

Abstract
A beer graph is an edge-weighted graph G = (V,E,ω) with beer vertices B ⊆ V. A beer path between two vertices s and t of a beer graph is a path that connects s and t and visits at least one vertex in B. The beer distance between two vertices is the weight of a shortest beer path, i.e. a beer path having minimum total weight. A graph indexing scheme is a two-phase method that constructs an index data structure by a one-time preprocessing of an input graph and then exploits it to compute (or accelerate the computation of) answers to queries on structures of the graph dataset. In the last decade, such indexing schemes have been designed to perform, effectively, many relevant types of queries, e.g. on reachability, and have gained significant popularity in essentially all data-intensive application domains where large number of queries have to be routinely answered (e.g. journey planners), since they have been shown, through many experimental studies, to offer extremely low query times at the price of limited preprocessing time and space overheads. In this paper, we showcase that an indexing scheme, to efficiently execute queries on beer distances or shortest beer paths for pairs of vertices of a beer graph, can be obtained by adapting the highway labeling, a recently introduced indexing method to accelerate the computation of classical shortest paths. We design a preprocessing algorithm to build a whl index, i.e. a weighted highway labeling of a beer graph, and show how it can be queried to compute beer distances and shortest beer paths. Through extensive experimentation on real networks, we empirically demonstrate its practical effectiveness and superiority, in terms of offered trade-off between preprocessing time, space overhead and query time, with respect to the state-of-the-art.
Cite as

David Coudert, Andrea D'Ascenzo, and Mattia D'Emidio. Indexing Graphs for Shortest Beer Path Queries. In 24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 123, pp. 2:1-2:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{coudert_et_al:OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.2,
  author =	{Coudert, David and D'Ascenzo, Andrea and D'Emidio, Mattia},
  title =	{{Indexing Graphs for Shortest Beer Path Queries}},
  booktitle =	{24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:18},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-350-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{123},
  editor =	{Bouman, Paul C. and Kontogiannis, Spyros C.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211907},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph Algorithms, Indexing Schemes, Beer Distances, Algorithms Engineering}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.6
Two-Stage Weekly Shift Scheduling for Train Dispatchers

Authors: Tomas Lidén, Christiane Schmidt, and Rabii Zahir

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 123, 24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024)

Abstract
We consider the problem of creating weekly shift schedules for train dispatchers, which conform to a variety of operational constraints, in particular, several work and rest time restrictions. We create the schedules in a two-stage process. First, using a previously presented IP model, we create a set of feasible daily shifts, which takes care of minimum-rest and shift-length requirements, taskload bounds, and combinability of dispatching areas. We then formulate an IP model to combine these daily shifts into weekly schedules, enforcing that each daily shift is covered by some dispatcher every day of the week, while ensuring that the weekly schedules comply with various restrictions on working hours from a union agreement. With this approach, we aim to identify "good" sets of daily shifts for the longer schedules. We run experiments for real-world sized input and consider different distributions of the daily shifts w.r.t. shift length and ratio of night shifts. Daily shifts with shift-length variability, relatively few long shifts, and a low ratio of night shifts generally yield better weekly schedules. The runtime for the second stage with the best daily-shift pattern is below three hours, which - together with the runtime for stage 1 of ca. 2 hours per run - can be feasible for real-world use.
Cite as

Tomas Lidén, Christiane Schmidt, and Rabii Zahir. Two-Stage Weekly Shift Scheduling for Train Dispatchers. In 24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 123, pp. 6:1-6:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{liden_et_al:OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.6,
  author =	{Lid\'{e}n, Tomas and Schmidt, Christiane and Zahir, Rabii},
  title =	{{Two-Stage Weekly Shift Scheduling for Train Dispatchers}},
  booktitle =	{24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:16},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-350-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{123},
  editor =	{Bouman, Paul C. and Kontogiannis, Spyros C.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211944},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: shift scheduling, IP, train dispatcher shift scheduling}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2024.7
Promoting Deep Learning Through a Concept Map-Building Collaborative Activity in an Introductory Programming Course

Authors: João Paulo Barros

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 122, 5th International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2024)

Abstract
Programming courses focus heavily on problem-solving and coding practice. However, students also face numerous interrelated concepts that should be given more attention to foster more effective and comprehensive learning. Often, students only get an incomplete knowledge of those concepts and their relations as no adequate reflection is promoted or even seen as necessary. The result is a superficial surface learning about essential programming concepts and their relations. This experience report presents a learning activity to promote deep learning of concepts and their relations. The activity challenges students to specify relations between concepts. Students search definitions for a given set of concepts and define relations between those concepts in textual form. To that end, they use a freely available tool that produces a graph from textual descriptions. This tool dramatically simplifies and speeds up the creation of readable graphical representations. Although many different courses can take advantage of the presented activity, we present the activity’s application to an introductory object-oriented programming course. We also present and discuss the student’s feedback, which was highly positive. In the end, we provide recommendations, including possible variations. These can help educators to effectively foster active learning of concepts and their relations in their classrooms.
Cite as

João Paulo Barros. Promoting Deep Learning Through a Concept Map-Building Collaborative Activity in an Introductory Programming Course. In 5th International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2024). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 122, pp. 7:1-7:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{barros:OASIcs.ICPEC.2024.7,
  author =	{Barros, Jo\~{a}o Paulo},
  title =	{{Promoting Deep Learning Through a Concept Map-Building Collaborative Activity in an Introductory Programming Course}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2024)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:12},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-347-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{122},
  editor =	{Santos, Andr\'{e} L. and Pinto-Albuquerque, Maria},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2024.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-209767},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2024.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: active-learning, ontologies, concepts, concept maps, learning activity, object-oriented programming, oop, pedagogy, education}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.58
Random-Order Online Independent Set of Intervals and Hyperrectangles

Authors: Mohit Garg, Debajyoti Kar, and Arindam Khan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
In the Maximum Independent Set of Hyperrectangles problem, we are given a set of n (possibly overlapping) d-dimensional axis-aligned hyperrectangles, and the goal is to find a subset of non-overlapping hyperrectangles of maximum cardinality. For d = 1, this corresponds to the classical Interval Scheduling problem, where a simple greedy algorithm returns an optimal solution. In the offline setting, for d-dimensional hyperrectangles, polynomial time (log n)^{O(d)}-approximation algorithms are known [Chalermsook and Chuzhoy, 2009]. However, the problem becomes notably challenging in the online setting, where the input objects (hyperrectangles) appear one by one in an adversarial order, and on the arrival of an object, the algorithm needs to make an immediate and irrevocable decision whether or not to select the object while maintaining the feasibility. Even for interval scheduling, an Ω(n) lower bound is known on the competitive ratio. To circumvent these negative results, in this work, we study the online maximum independent set of axis-aligned hyperrectangles in the random-order arrival model, where the adversary specifies the set of input objects which then arrive in a uniformly random order. Starting from the prototypical secretary problem, the random-order model has received significant attention to study algorithms beyond the worst-case competitive analysis (see the survey by Gupta and Singla [Anupam Gupta and Sahil Singla, 2020]). Surprisingly, we show that the problem in the random-order model almost matches the best-known offline approximation guarantees, up to polylogarithmic factors. In particular, we give a simple (log n)^{O(d)}-competitive algorithm for d-dimensional hyperrectangles in this model, which runs in O_d̃(n) time. Our approach also yields (log n)^{O(d)}-competitive algorithms in the random-order model for more general objects such as d-dimensional fat objects and ellipsoids. Furthermore, all our competitiveness guarantees hold with high probability, and not just in expectation.
Cite as

Mohit Garg, Debajyoti Kar, and Arindam Khan. Random-Order Online Independent Set of Intervals and Hyperrectangles. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 58:1-58:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{garg_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.58,
  author =	{Garg, Mohit and Kar, Debajyoti and Khan, Arindam},
  title =	{{Random-Order Online Independent Set of Intervals and Hyperrectangles}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{58:1--58:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.58},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211298},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.58},
  annote =	{Keywords: Online Algorithms, Random-Order Model, Maximum Independent Set of Rectangles, Hyperrectangles, Fat Objects, Interval Scheduling}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.89
Locally Computing Edge Orientations

Authors: Slobodan Mitrović, Ronitt Rubinfeld, and Mihir Singhal

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
We consider the question of orienting the edges in a graph G such that every vertex has bounded out-degree. For graphs of arboricity α, there is an orientation in which every vertex has out-degree at most α and, moreover, the best possible maximum out-degree of an orientation is at least α - 1. We are thus interested in algorithms that can achieve a maximum out-degree of close to α. A widely studied approach for this problem in the distributed algorithms setting is a "peeling algorithm" that provides an orientation with maximum out-degree α(2+ε) in a logarithmic number of iterations. We consider this problem in the local computation algorithm (LCA) model, which quickly answers queries of the form "What is the orientation of edge (u,v)?" by probing the input graph. When the peeling algorithm is executed in the LCA setting by applying standard techniques, e.g., the Parnas-Ron paradigm, it requires Ω(n) probes per query on an n-vertex graph. In the case where G has unbounded degree, we show that any LCA that orients its edges to yield maximum out-degree r must use Ω(√ n/r) probes to G per query in the worst case, even if G is known to be a forest (that is, α = 1). We also show several algorithms with sublinear probe complexity when G has unbounded degree. When G is a tree such that the maximum degree Δ of G is bounded, we demonstrate an algorithm that uses Δ n^{1-log_Δ r + o(1)} probes to G per query. To obtain this result, we develop an edge-coloring approach that ultimately yields a graph-shattering-like result. We also use this shattering-like approach to demonstrate an LCA which 4-colors any tree using sublinear probes per query.
Cite as

Slobodan Mitrović, Ronitt Rubinfeld, and Mihir Singhal. Locally Computing Edge Orientations. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 89:1-89:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{mitrovic_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.89,
  author =	{Mitrovi\'{c}, Slobodan and Rubinfeld, Ronitt and Singhal, Mihir},
  title =	{{Locally Computing Edge Orientations}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{89:1--89:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.89},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211603},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.89},
  annote =	{Keywords: local computation algorithms, edge orientation, tree coloring}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.97
Engineering Edge Orientation Algorithms

Authors: Henrik Reinstädtler, Christian Schulz, and Bora Uçar

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
Given an undirected graph G, the edge orientation problem asks for assigning a direction to each edge to convert G into a directed graph. The aim is to minimize the maximum out-degree of a vertex in the resulting directed graph. This problem, which is solvable in polynomial time, arises in many applications. An ongoing challenge in edge orientation algorithms is their scalability, particularly in handling large-scale networks with millions or billions of edges efficiently. We propose a novel algorithmic framework based on finding and manipulating simple paths to face this challenge. Our framework is based on an existing algorithm and allows many algorithmic choices. By carefully exploring these choices and engineering the underlying algorithms, we obtain an implementation which is more efficient and scalable than the current state-of-the-art. Our experiments demonstrate significant performance improvements compared to state-of-the-art solvers. On average our algorithm is 6.59 times faster when compared to the state-of-the-art.
Cite as

Henrik Reinstädtler, Christian Schulz, and Bora Uçar. Engineering Edge Orientation Algorithms. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 97:1-97:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{reinstadtler_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.97,
  author =	{Reinst\"{a}dtler, Henrik and Schulz, Christian and U\c{c}ar, Bora},
  title =	{{Engineering Edge Orientation Algorithms}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{97:1--97:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.97},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211682},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.97},
  annote =	{Keywords: edge orientation, pseudoarboricity, graph algorithms}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.57
Stochastic Distance in Property Testing

Authors: Uri Meir, Gregory Schwartzman, and Yuichi Yoshida

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 317, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024)

Abstract
We introduce a novel concept termed "stochastic distance" for property testing. Diverging from the traditional definition of distance, where a distance t implies that there exist t edges that can be added to ensure a graph possesses a certain property (such as k-edge-connectivity), our new notion implies that there is a high probability that adding t random edges will endow the graph with the desired property. While formulating testers based on this new distance proves challenging in a sequential environment, it is much easier in a distributed setting. Taking k-edge-connectivity as a case study, we design ultra-fast testing algorithms in the CONGEST model. Our introduction of stochastic distance offers a more natural fit for the distributed setting, providing a promising avenue for future research in emerging models of computation.
Cite as

Uri Meir, Gregory Schwartzman, and Yuichi Yoshida. Stochastic Distance in Property Testing. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 317, pp. 57:1-57:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{meir_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.57,
  author =	{Meir, Uri and Schwartzman, Gregory and Yoshida, Yuichi},
  title =	{{Stochastic Distance in Property Testing}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024)},
  pages =	{57:1--57:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-348-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{317},
  editor =	{Kumar, Amit and Ron-Zewi, Noga},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.57},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-210506},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.57},
  annote =	{Keywords: Connectivity, k-edge connectivity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.7
HOBBIT: Hashed OBject Based InTegrity

Authors: Matthias Bernad and Stefan Brunthaler

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 313, 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)

Abstract
C vulnerabilities usually hold verbatim for C++ programs. The counterfeit-object-oriented programming attack demonstrated that this relation is asymmetric, i.e., it only applies to C++. The problem pinpointed by this COOP attack is that C++ does not validate the integrity of its objects. By injecting malicious objects with manipulated virtual function table pointers, attackers can hijack control-flow of programs. The software security community addressed the COOP-problem in the years following its discovery, but together with the emergence of transient-execution attacks, such as Spectre, researchers also shifted their attention. We present Hobbit, a software-only solution to prevent COOP attacks by validating object integrity for virtual function pointer tables. Hobbit does not require any hardware specific features, scales to multi-million lines of C++ source code, and our LLVM-based implementation offers a configurable performance impact between 121.63% and 2.80% on compute-intensive SPEC CPU C++ benchmarks. Hobbit’s security analysis indicates strong resistance to brute forcing attacks and demonstrates additional benefits of using execute-only memory.
Cite as

Matthias Bernad and Stefan Brunthaler. HOBBIT: Hashed OBject Based InTegrity. In 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 313, pp. 7:1-7:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bernad_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.7,
  author =	{Bernad, Matthias and Brunthaler, Stefan},
  title =	{{HOBBIT: Hashed OBject Based InTegrity}},
  booktitle =	{38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-341-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{313},
  editor =	{Aldrich, Jonathan and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208566},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: software security, code-reuse attacks, language-based security, counterfeit-object-oriented programming, object integrity, compiler security}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.30
Verifying Lock-Free Search Structure Templates

Authors: Nisarg Patel, Dennis Shasha, and Thomas Wies

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 313, 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)

Abstract
We present and verify template algorithms for lock-free concurrent search structures that cover a broad range of existing implementations based on lists and skiplists. Our linearizability proofs are fully mechanized in the concurrent separation logic Iris. The proofs are modular and cover the broader design space of the underlying algorithms by parameterizing the verification over aspects such as the low-level representation of nodes and the style of data structure maintenance. As a further technical contribution, we present a mechanization of a recently proposed method for reasoning about future-dependent linearization points using hindsight arguments. The mechanization builds on Iris' support for prophecy reasoning and user-defined ghost resources. We demonstrate that the method can help to reduce the proof effort compared to direct prophecy-based proofs.
Cite as

Nisarg Patel, Dennis Shasha, and Thomas Wies. Verifying Lock-Free Search Structure Templates. In 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 313, pp. 30:1-30:28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{patel_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.30,
  author =	{Patel, Nisarg and Shasha, Dennis and Wies, Thomas},
  title =	{{Verifying Lock-Free Search Structure Templates}},
  booktitle =	{38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)},
  pages =	{30:1--30:28},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-341-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{313},
  editor =	{Aldrich, Jonathan and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.30},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208797},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.30},
  annote =	{Keywords: skiplists, lock-free, separation logic, linearizability, future-dependent linearization points, hindsight reasoning}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.46
{CtChecker}: A Precise, Sound and Efficient Static Analysis for Constant-Time Programming

Authors: Quan Zhou, Sixuan Dang, and Danfeng Zhang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 313, 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)

Abstract
Timing channel attacks are emerging as real-world threats to computer security. In cryptographic systems, an effective countermeasure against timing attacks is the constant-time programming discipline. However, strictly enforcing the discipline manually is both time-consuming and error-prone. While various tools exist for analyzing/verifying constant-time programs, they sacrifice at least one feature among precision, soundness and efficiency. In this paper, we build CtChecker, a sound static analysis for constant-time programming. Under the hood, CtChecker uses a static information flow analysis to identify violations of constant-time discipline. Despite the common wisdom that sound, static information flow analysis lacks precision for real-world applications, we show that by enabling field-sensitivity, context-sensitivity and partial flow-sensitivity, CtChecker reports fewer false positives compared with existing sound tools. Evaluation on real-world cryptographic systems shows that CtChecker analyzes 24K lines of source code in under one minute. Moreover, CtChecker reveals that some repaired code generated by program rewriters supposedly remove timing channels are still not constant-time.
Cite as

Quan Zhou, Sixuan Dang, and Danfeng Zhang. {CtChecker}: A Precise, Sound and Efficient Static Analysis for Constant-Time Programming. In 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 313, pp. 46:1-46:26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{zhou_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.46,
  author =	{Zhou, Quan and Dang, Sixuan and Zhang, Danfeng},
  title =	{{\{CtChecker\}: A Precise, Sound and Efficient Static Analysis for Constant-Time Programming}},
  booktitle =	{38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)},
  pages =	{46:1--46:26},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-341-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{313},
  editor =	{Aldrich, Jonathan and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.46},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208951},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.46},
  annote =	{Keywords: Information flow control, static analysis, side channel, constant-time programming}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.5
Spatial Nudging: Converging Persuasive Technologies, Spatial Design, and Behavioral Theories

Authors: Ayda Grisiute and Martin Raubal

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 315, 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)

Abstract
This paper presents the Spatial Nudging framework - a theory-based framework that maps out nudging strategies in the mobility domain and refines its existing definitions. We link these strategies by highlighting the role of perceived affordances across physical and digital interventions based on the Nudge Theory and the Theory of Affordances. Furthermore, we propose to use graph representation techniques as a supportive methodology to better align perceived and actual environments, thereby enhancing the intervention strategies' effectiveness. We illustrate the applicability of the Spatial Nudging framework and the supportive methodology in the context of an E-bike City vision. This paper lays the foundation for future research on theoretically integrating physical and digital interventions to promote sustainable mobility.
Cite as

Ayda Grisiute and Martin Raubal. Spatial Nudging: Converging Persuasive Technologies, Spatial Design, and Behavioral Theories. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 5:1-5:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{grisiute_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.5,
  author =	{Grisiute, Ayda and Raubal, Martin},
  title =	{{Spatial Nudging: Converging Persuasive Technologies, Spatial Design, and Behavioral Theories}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-330-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{315},
  editor =	{Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208206},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: spatial nudging, active mobility, Nudge Theory, Theory of Affordances, cognitive graphs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.20
Formalizing the Algebraic Small Object Argument in UniMath

Authors: Dennis Hilhorst and Paige Randall North

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 309, 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)

Abstract
Quillen model category theory forms the cornerstone of modern homotopy theory, and thus the semantics of (and justification for the name of) homotopy type theory / univalent foundations (HoTT/UF). One of the main tools of Quillen model category theory is the small object argument. Indeed, the particular model categories that can interpret HoTT/UF are usually constructed using the small object argument. In this article, we formalize the algebraic small object argument, a modern categorical version of the small object argument originally due to Garner, in the Coq UniMath library. This constitutes a first step in building up the tools required to formalize - in a system based on HoTT/UF - the semantics of HoTT/UF in particular model categories: for instance, Voevodsky’s original interpretation into simplicial sets. More specifically, in this work, we rephrase and formalize Garner’s original formulation of the algebraic small object argument. We fill in details of Garner’s construction and redefine parts of the construction to be more direct and fit for formalization. We rephrase the theory in more modern language, using constructions like displayed categories and a modern, less strict notion of monoidal categories. We point out the interaction between the theory and the foundations, and motivate the use of the algebraic small object argument in lieu of Quillen’s original small object argument from a constructivist standpoint.
Cite as

Dennis Hilhorst and Paige Randall North. Formalizing the Algebraic Small Object Argument in UniMath. In 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 309, pp. 20:1-20:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{hilhorst_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2024.20,
  author =	{Hilhorst, Dennis and North, Paige Randall},
  title =	{{Formalizing the Algebraic Small Object Argument in UniMath}},
  booktitle =	{15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-337-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{309},
  editor =	{Bertot, Yves and Kutsia, Temur and Norrish, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-207486},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: formalization of mathematics, univalent foundations, model category theory, algebraic small object argument, coq, unimath}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.19
Computing Inductive Invariants of Regular Abstraction Frameworks

Authors: Philipp Czerner, Javier Esparza, Valentin Krasotin, and Christoph Welzel-Mohr

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 311, 35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024)

Abstract
Regular transition systems (RTS) are a popular formalism for modeling infinite-state systems in general, and parameterised systems in particular. In a CONCUR 22 paper, Esparza et al. introduce a novel approach to the verification of RTS, based on inductive invariants. The approach computes the intersection of all inductive invariants of a given RTS that can be expressed as CNF formulas with a bounded number of clauses, and uses it to construct an automaton recognising an overapproximation of the reachable configurations. The paper shows that the problem of deciding if the language of this automaton intersects a given regular set of unsafe configurations is in EXPSPACE and PSPACE-hard. We introduce regular abstraction frameworks, a generalisation of the approach of Esparza et al., very similar to the regular abstractions of Hong and Lin. A framework consists of a regular language of constraints, and a transducer, called the interpretation, that assigns to each constraint the set of configurations of the RTS satisfying it. Examples of regular abstraction frameworks include the formulas of Esparza et al., octagons, bounded difference matrices, and views. We show that the generalisation of the decision problem above to regular abstraction frameworks remains in EXPSPACE, and prove a matching (non-trivial) EXPSPACE-hardness bound. EXPSPACE-hardness implies that, in the worst case, the automaton recognising the overapproximation of the reachable configurations has a double-exponential number of states. We introduce a learning algorithm that computes this automaton in a lazy manner, stopping whenever the current hypothesis is already strong enough to prove safety. We report on an implementation and show that our experimental results improve on those of Esparza et al.
Cite as

Philipp Czerner, Javier Esparza, Valentin Krasotin, and Christoph Welzel-Mohr. Computing Inductive Invariants of Regular Abstraction Frameworks. In 35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 311, pp. 19:1-19:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{czerner_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.19,
  author =	{Czerner, Philipp and Esparza, Javier and Krasotin, Valentin and Welzel-Mohr, Christoph},
  title =	{{Computing Inductive Invariants of Regular Abstraction Frameworks}},
  booktitle =	{35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-339-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{311},
  editor =	{Majumdar, Rupak and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-207919},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Regular model checking, abstraction, inductive invariants}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.30
Around Classical and Intuitionistic Linear Processes

Authors: Juan C. Jaramillo, Dan Frumin, and Jorge A. Pérez

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 311, 35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024)

Abstract
Curry-Howard correspondences between Linear Logic (LL) and session types provide a firm foundation for concurrent processes. As the correspondences hold for intuitionistic and classical versions of LL (ILL and CLL), we obtain two different families of type systems for concurrency. An open question remains: how do these two families exactly relate to each other? Based upon a translation from CLL to ILL due to Laurent, we provide two complementary answers, in the form of full abstraction results based on a typed observational equivalence due to Atkey. Our results elucidate hitherto missing formal links between seemingly related yet different type systems for concurrency.
Cite as

Juan C. Jaramillo, Dan Frumin, and Jorge A. Pérez. Around Classical and Intuitionistic Linear Processes. In 35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 311, pp. 30:1-30:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{jaramillo_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.30,
  author =	{Jaramillo, Juan C. and Frumin, Dan and P\'{e}rez, Jorge A.},
  title =	{{Around Classical and Intuitionistic Linear Processes}},
  booktitle =	{35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024)},
  pages =	{30:1--30:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-339-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{311},
  editor =	{Majumdar, Rupak and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.30},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208026},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.30},
  annote =	{Keywords: Process calculi, session types, linear logic}
}
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