31 Search Results for "Xu, Yinzhan"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.3
From Donkeys to Kings in Tournaments

Authors: Amir Abboud, Tomer Grossman, Moni Naor, and Tomer Solomon

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
A tournament is an orientation of a complete graph. A vertex that can reach every other vertex within two steps is called a king. We study the complexity of finding k kings in a tournament graph. We show that the randomized query complexity of finding k ≤ 3 kings is O(n), and for the deterministic case it takes the same amount of queries (up to a constant) as finding a single king (the best known deterministic algorithm makes O(n^{3/2}) queries). On the other hand, we show that finding k ≥ 4 kings requires Ω(n²) queries, even in the randomized case. We consider the RAM model for k ≥ 4. We show an algorithm that finds k kings in time O(kn²), which is optimal for constant values of k. Alternatively, one can also find k ≥ 4 kings in time n^{ω} (the time for matrix multiplication). We provide evidence that this is optimal for large k by suggesting a fine-grained reduction from a variant of the triangle detection problem.
Cite as

Amir Abboud, Tomer Grossman, Moni Naor, and Tomer Solomon. From Donkeys to Kings in Tournaments. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 3:1-3:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{abboud_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.3,
  author =	{Abboud, Amir and Grossman, Tomer and Naor, Moni and Solomon, Tomer},
  title =	{{From Donkeys to Kings in Tournaments}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-210740},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Tournament Graphs, Kings, Query Complexity, Fine Grained Complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.9
On Connections Between k-Coloring and Euclidean k-Means

Authors: Enver Aman, Karthik C. S., and Sharath Punna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
In the Euclidean k-means problems we are given as input a set of n points in ℝ^d and the goal is to find a set of k points C ⊆ ℝ^d, so as to minimize the sum of the squared Euclidean distances from each point in P to its closest center in C. In this paper, we formally explore connections between the k-coloring problem on graphs and the Euclidean k-means problem. Our results are as follows: - For all k ≥ 3, we provide a simple reduction from the k-coloring problem on regular graphs to the Euclidean k-means problem. Moreover, our technique extends to enable a reduction from a structured max-cut problem (which may be considered as a partial 2-coloring problem) to the Euclidean 2-means problem. Thus, we have a simple and alternate proof of the NP-hardness of Euclidean 2-means problem. - In the other direction, we mimic the O(1.7297ⁿ) time algorithm of Williams [TCS'05] for the max-cut of problem on n vertices to obtain an algorithm for the Euclidean 2-means problem with the same runtime, improving on the naive exhaustive search running in 2ⁿ⋅ poly(n,d) time. - We prove similar results and connections as above for the Euclidean k-min-sum problem.
Cite as

Enver Aman, Karthik C. S., and Sharath Punna. On Connections Between k-Coloring and Euclidean k-Means. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 9:1-9:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{aman_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.9,
  author =	{Aman, Enver and Karthik C. S. and Punna, Sharath},
  title =	{{On Connections Between k-Coloring and Euclidean k-Means}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-210808},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: k-means, k-minsum, Euclidean space, fine-grained complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.20
Pattern Matching with Mismatches and Wildcards

Authors: Gabriel Bathie, Panagiotis Charalampopoulos, and Tatiana Starikovskaya

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
In this work, we address the problem of approximate pattern matching with wildcards. Given a pattern P of length m containing D wildcards, a text T of length n, and an integer k, our objective is to identify all fragments of T within Hamming distance k from P. Our primary contribution is an algorithm with runtime 𝒪(n + (D+k)(G+k)⋅ n/m) for this problem. Here, G ≤ D represents the number of maximal wildcard fragments in P. We derive this algorithm by elaborating in a non-trivial way on the ideas presented by [Charalampopoulos, Kociumaka, and Wellnitz, FOCS'20] for pattern matching with mismatches (without wildcards). Our algorithm improves over the state of the art when D, G, and k are small relative to n. For instance, if m = n/2, k = G = n^{2/5}, and D = n^{3/5}, our algorithm operates in 𝒪(n) time, surpassing the Ω(n^{6/5}) time requirement of all previously known algorithms. In the case of exact pattern matching with wildcards (k = 0), we present a much simpler algorithm with runtime 𝒪(n + DG ⋅ n/m) that clearly illustrates our main technical innovation: the utilisation of positions of P that do not belong to any fragment of P with a density of wildcards much larger than D/m as anchors for the sought (approximate) occurrences. Notably, our algorithm outperforms the best-known 𝒪(n log m)-time FFT-based algorithms of [Cole and Hariharan, STOC'02] and [Clifford and Clifford, IPL'04] if DG = o(m log m). We complement our algorithmic results with a structural characterization of the k-mismatch occurrences of P. We demonstrate that in a text of length 𝒪(m), these occurrences can be partitioned into 𝒪((D+k)(G+k)) arithmetic progressions. Additionally, we construct an infinite family of examples with Ω((D+k)k) arithmetic progressions of occurrences, leveraging a combinatorial result on progression-free sets [Elkin, SODA'10].
Cite as

Gabriel Bathie, Panagiotis Charalampopoulos, and Tatiana Starikovskaya. Pattern Matching with Mismatches and Wildcards. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 20:1-20:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bathie_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.20,
  author =	{Bathie, Gabriel and Charalampopoulos, Panagiotis and Starikovskaya, Tatiana},
  title =	{{Pattern Matching with Mismatches and Wildcards}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-210910},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: pattern matching, wildcards, mismatches, Hamming distance}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.34
Exploring the Approximability Landscape of 3SUM

Authors: Karl Bringmann, Ahmed Ghazy, and Marvin Künnemann

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
Since an increasing number of problems in P have conditional lower bounds against exact algorithms, it is natural to study which of these problems can be efficiently approximated. Often, however, there are many potential ways to formulate an approximate version of a problem. We ask: How sensitive is the (in-)approximability of a problem in P to its precise formulation? To this end, we perform a case study using the popular 3SUM problem. Its many equivalent formulations give rise to a wide range of potential approximate relaxations. Specifically, to obtain an approximate relaxation in our framework, one can choose among the options: (a) 3SUM or Convolution 3SUM, (b) monochromatic or trichromatic, (c) allowing under-approximation, over-approximation, or both, (d) approximate decision or approximate optimization, (e) single output or multiple outputs and (f) implicit or explicit target (given as input). We show general reduction principles between some variants and find that we can classify the remaining problems (over polynomially bounded positive integers) into three regimes: 1) (1+ε)-approximable in near-linear time Õ(n + 1/ε), 2) (1+ε)-approximable in near-quadratic time Õ(n/ε) or Õ(n+1/ε²), or 3) non-approximable, i.e., requiring time n^{2± o(1)} even for any approximation factor. In each of these three regimes, we provide matching upper and conditional lower bounds. To prove our results, we establish two results that may be of independent interest: Over polynomially bounded integers, we show subquadratic equivalence of (min,+)-convolution and polyhedral 3SUM, and we prove equivalence of the Strong 3SUM conjecture and the Strong Convolution 3SUM conjecture.
Cite as

Karl Bringmann, Ahmed Ghazy, and Marvin Künnemann. Exploring the Approximability Landscape of 3SUM. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 34:1-34:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bringmann_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.34,
  author =	{Bringmann, Karl and Ghazy, Ahmed and K\"{u}nnemann, Marvin},
  title =	{{Exploring the Approximability Landscape of 3SUM}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{34:1--34:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.34},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211057},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.34},
  annote =	{Keywords: Fine-grained Complexity, Conditional Lower Bounds, Approximation Schemes, Min-Plus Convolution}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.57
Removing the log Factor from (min,+)-Products on Bounded Range Integer Matrices

Authors: Dvir Fried, Tsvi Kopelowitz, and Ely Porat

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
We revisit the problem of multiplying two square matrices over the (min, +) semi-ring, where all entries are integers from a bounded range [-M : M] ∪ {∞}. The current state of the art for this problem is a simple O(M n^{ω} log M) time algorithm by Alon, Galil and Margalit [JCSS'97], where ω is the exponent in the runtime of the fastest matrix multiplication (FMM) algorithm. We design a new simple algorithm whose runtime is O(M n^ω + M n² log M), thereby removing the logM factor in the runtime if ω > 2 or if n^ω = Ω (n²log n).
Cite as

Dvir Fried, Tsvi Kopelowitz, and Ely Porat. Removing the log Factor from (min,+)-Products on Bounded Range Integer Matrices. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 57:1-57:6, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{fried_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.57,
  author =	{Fried, Dvir and Kopelowitz, Tsvi and Porat, Ely},
  title =	{{Removing the log Factor from (min,+)-Products on Bounded Range Integer Matrices}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{57:1--57:6},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.57},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211283},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.57},
  annote =	{Keywords: FMM, (min , +)-product, FFT}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.65
A Nearly Linear Time Construction of Approximate Single-Source Distance Sensitivity Oracles

Authors: Kaito Harada, Naoki Kitamura, Taisuke Izumi, and Toshimitsu Masuzawa

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
An α-approximate vertex fault-tolerant distance sensitivity oracle (α-VSDO) for a weighted input graph G = (V, E, w) and a source vertex s ∈ V is the data structure answering an α-approximate distance from s to t in G-x for any given query (x, t) ∈ V × V. It is a data structure version of the so-called single-source replacement path problem (SSRP). In this paper, we present a new nearly linear-time algorithm of constructing a (1 + ε)-VSDO for any directed input graph with polynomially bounded integer edge weights. More precisely, the presented oracle attains Õ(m log (nW)/ ε + n log² (nW)/ε²) construction time, Õ(n log (nW) / ε) size, and Õ(1/ε) query time, where n is the number of vertices, m is the number of edges, and W is the maximum edge weight. These bounds are all optimal up to polylogarithmic factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first non-trivial algorithm for SSRP/VSDO beating Õ(mn) computation time for directed graphs with general edge weight functions, and also the first nearly linear-time construction breaking approximation factor 3. Such a construction has been unknown even for undirected and unweighted graphs. In addition, our result implies that the known conditional lower bounds for the exact SSRP computation does not apply to the case of approximation.
Cite as

Kaito Harada, Naoki Kitamura, Taisuke Izumi, and Toshimitsu Masuzawa. A Nearly Linear Time Construction of Approximate Single-Source Distance Sensitivity Oracles. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 65:1-65:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{harada_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.65,
  author =	{Harada, Kaito and Kitamura, Naoki and Izumi, Taisuke and Masuzawa, Toshimitsu},
  title =	{{A Nearly Linear Time Construction of Approximate Single-Source Distance Sensitivity Oracles}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{65:1--65:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.65},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211367},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.65},
  annote =	{Keywords: data structure, distance sensitivity oracle, replacement path problem, graph algorithm}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.72
Connectivity Oracles for Predictable Vertex Failures

Authors: Bingbing Hu, Evangelos Kosinas, and Adam Polak

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
The problem of designing connectivity oracles supporting vertex failures is one of the basic data structures problems for undirected graphs. It is already well understood: previous works [Duan-Pettie STOC'10; Long-Saranurak FOCS'22] achieve query time linear in the number of failed vertices, and it is conditionally optimal as long as we require preprocessing time polynomial in the size of the graph and update time polynomial in the number of failed vertices. We revisit this problem in the paradigm of algorithms with predictions: we ask if the query time can be improved if the set of failed vertices can be predicted beforehand up to a small number of errors. More specifically, we design a data structure that, given a graph G = (V,E) and a set of vertices predicted to fail D̂ ⊆ V of size d = |D̂|, preprocesses it in time Õ(d|E|) and then can receive an update given as the symmetric difference between the predicted and the actual set of failed vertices D̂△D = (D̂ ⧵ D) ∪ (D ⧵ D̂) of size η = |D̂△D|, process it in time Õ(η⁴), and after that answer connectivity queries in G ⧵ D in time O(η). Viewed from another perspective, our data structure provides an improvement over the state of the art for the fully dynamic subgraph connectivity problem in the sensitivity setting [Henzinger-Neumann ESA'16]. We argue that the preprocessing time and query time of our data structure are conditionally optimal under standard fine-grained complexity assumptions.
Cite as

Bingbing Hu, Evangelos Kosinas, and Adam Polak. Connectivity Oracles for Predictable Vertex Failures. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 72:1-72:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{hu_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.72,
  author =	{Hu, Bingbing and Kosinas, Evangelos and Polak, Adam},
  title =	{{Connectivity Oracles for Predictable Vertex Failures}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{72:1--72:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.72},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211437},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.72},
  annote =	{Keywords: Data structures, graph connectivity, algorithms with predictions}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.79
Giving Some Slack: Shortcuts and Transitive Closure Compressions

Authors: Shimon Kogan and Merav Parter

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
We consider the fundamental problems of reachability shortcuts and compression schemes of the transitive closure (TC) of n-vertex directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) G when we are allowed to neglect the distance (or reachability) constraints for an ε fraction of the pairs in the transitive closure of G, denoted by TC(G). Shortcuts with Slack. For a directed graph G = (V,E), a d-reachability shortcut is a set of edges H ⊆ TC(G), whose addition decreases the directed diameter of G to be at most d. We introduce the notion of shortcuts with slack which provide the desired distance bound d for all but a small fraction ε of the vertex pairs in TC(G). For ε ∈ (0,1), a (d,ε)-shortcut H ⊆ TC(G) is a subset of edges with the property that dist_{G ∪ H}(u,v) ≤ d for at least (1-ε) fraction of the (u,v) pairs in TC(G). Our constructions hold for any DAG G and their size bounds are parameterized by the width of the graph G defined by the smallest number of directed paths in G that cover all vertices in G. - For every ε ∈ (0,1] and integer d ≥ 5, every n-vertex DAG G of width {ω} admits a (d,ε)-shortcut of size Õ({ω}²/(ε d)+n). A more delicate construction yields a (3,ε)-shortcut of size Õ({ω}²/(ε d)+n/ε), hence of linear size for {ω} ≤ √n. We show that without a slack (i.e., for ε = 0), graphs with {ω} ≤ √n cannot be shortcut to diameter below n^{1/6} using a linear number of shortcut edges. - There exists an n-vertex DAG G for which any (3,ε = 1/2^{√{log ω}})-shortcut set has Ω({ω}²/2^{√{log ω}}+n) edges. Hence, for d = Õ(1), our constructions are almost optimal. Approximate TC Representations. A key application of our shortcut’s constructions is a (1-ε)-approximate all-successors data structure which given a vertex v, reports a list containing (1-ε) fraction of the successors of v in the graph. We present a Õ({ω}²/ε+n)-space data structure with a near linear (in the output size) query time. Using connections to Error Correcting Codes, we also present a near-matching space lower bound of Ω({ω}²+n) bits (regardless of the query time) for constant ε. This improves upon the state-of-the-art space bounds of O({ω} ⋅ n) for ε = 0 by the prior work of Jagadish [ACM Trans. Database Syst., 1990].
Cite as

Shimon Kogan and Merav Parter. Giving Some Slack: Shortcuts and Transitive Closure Compressions. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 79:1-79:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{kogan_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.79,
  author =	{Kogan, Shimon and Parter, Merav},
  title =	{{Giving Some Slack: Shortcuts and Transitive Closure Compressions}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{79:1--79:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.79},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211509},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.79},
  annote =	{Keywords: Reachability Shortcuts, Width, DAG}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.96
Parameterized Algorithms on Integer Sets with Small Doubling: Integer Programming, Subset Sum and k-SUM

Authors: Tim Randolph and Karol Węgrzycki

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
We study the parameterized complexity of algorithmic problems whose input is an integer set A in terms of the doubling constant 𝒞 := |A+A| / |A|, a fundamental measure of additive structure. We present evidence that this new parameterization is algorithmically useful in the form of new results for two difficult, well-studied problems: Integer Programming and Subset Sum. First, we show that determining the feasibility of bounded Integer Programs is a tractable problem when parameterized in the doubling constant. Specifically, we prove that the feasibility of an integer program ℐ with n polynomially-bounded variables and m constraints can be determined in time n^{O_𝒞(1)} ⋅ poly(|ℐ|) when the column set of the constraint matrix has doubling constant 𝒞. Second, we show that the Subset Sum and Unbounded Subset Sum problems can be solved in time n^{O_C(1)} and n^{O_𝒞(log log log n)}, respectively, where the O_C notation hides functions that depend only on the doubling constant 𝒞. We also show the equivalence of achieving an FPT algorithm for Subset Sum with bounded doubling and achieving a milestone result for the parameterized complexity of Box ILP. Finally, we design near-linear time algorithms for k-SUM as well as tight lower bounds for 4-SUM and nearly tight lower bounds for k-SUM, under the k-SUM conjecture. Several of our results rely on a new proof that Freiman’s Theorem, a central result in additive combinatorics, can be made efficiently constructive. This result may be of independent interest.
Cite as

Tim Randolph and Karol Węgrzycki. Parameterized Algorithms on Integer Sets with Small Doubling: Integer Programming, Subset Sum and k-SUM. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 96:1-96:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{randolph_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.96,
  author =	{Randolph, Tim and W\k{e}grzycki, Karol},
  title =	{{Parameterized Algorithms on Integer Sets with Small Doubling: Integer Programming, Subset Sum and k-SUM}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{96:1--96:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.96},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211672},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.96},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized algorithms, parameterized complexity, additive combinatorics, Subset Sum, integer programming, doubling constant}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.42
Matrix Multiplication Verification Using Coding Theory

Authors: Huck Bennett, Karthik Gajulapalli, Alexander Golovnev, and Evelyn Warton

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 317, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024)

Abstract
We study the Matrix Multiplication Verification Problem (MMV) where the goal is, given three n × n matrices A, B, and C as input, to decide whether AB = C. A classic randomized algorithm by Freivalds (MFCS, 1979) solves MMV in Õ(n²) time, and a longstanding challenge is to (partially) derandomize it while still running in faster than matrix multiplication time (i.e., in o(n^ω) time). To that end, we give two algorithms for MMV in the case where AB - C is sparse. Specifically, when AB - C has at most O(n^δ) non-zero entries for a constant 0 ≤ δ < 2, we give (1) a deterministic O(n^(ω-ε))-time algorithm for constant ε = ε(δ) > 0, and (2) a randomized Õ(n²)-time algorithm using δ/2 ⋅ log₂ n + O(1) random bits. The former algorithm is faster than the deterministic algorithm of Künnemann (ESA, 2018) when δ ≥ 1.056, and the latter algorithm uses fewer random bits than the algorithm of Kimbrel and Sinha (IPL, 1993), which runs in the same time and uses log₂ n + O(1) random bits (in turn fewer than Freivalds’s algorithm). Our algorithms are simple and use techniques from coding theory. Let H be a parity-check matrix of a Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) code, and let G = (I | G') be a generator matrix of a (possibly different) MDS code in systematic form. Our deterministic algorithm uses fast rectangular matrix multiplication to check whether HAB = HC and H(AB)^T = H(C^T), and our randomized algorithm samples a uniformly random row g' from G' and checks whether g'AB = g'C and g'(AB)^T = g'C^T. We additionally study the complexity of MMV. We first show that all algorithms in a natural class of deterministic linear algebraic algorithms for MMV (including ours) require Ω(n^ω) time. We also show a barrier to proving a super-quadratic running time lower bound for matrix multiplication (and hence MMV) under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH). Finally, we study relationships between natural variants and special cases of MMV (with respect to deterministic Õ(n²)-time reductions).
Cite as

Huck Bennett, Karthik Gajulapalli, Alexander Golovnev, and Evelyn Warton. Matrix Multiplication Verification Using Coding Theory. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 317, pp. 42:1-42:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bennett_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.42,
  author =	{Bennett, Huck and Gajulapalli, Karthik and Golovnev, Alexander and Warton, Evelyn},
  title =	{{Matrix Multiplication Verification Using Coding Theory}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024)},
  pages =	{42:1--42:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-348-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{317},
  editor =	{Kumar, Amit and Ron-Zewi, Noga},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.42},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-210352},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.42},
  annote =	{Keywords: Matrix Multiplication Verification, Derandomization, Sparse Matrices, Error-Correcting Codes, Hardness Barriers, Reductions}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.37
Fast Approximate Counting of Cycles

Authors: Keren Censor-Hillel, Tomer Even, and Virginia Vassilevska Williams

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We consider the problem of approximate counting of triangles and longer fixed length cycles in directed graphs. For triangles, Tětek [ICALP'22] gave an algorithm that returns a (1±ε)-approximation in Õ(n^ω/t^{ω-2}) time, where t is the unknown number of triangles in the given n node graph and ω < 2.372 is the matrix multiplication exponent. We obtain an improved algorithm whose running time is, within polylogarithmic factors the same as that for multiplying an n× n/t matrix by an n/t × n matrix. We then extend our framework to obtain the first nontrivial (1± ε)-approximation algorithms for the number of h-cycles in a graph, for any constant h ≥ 3. Our running time is Õ(MM(n,n/t^{1/(h-2)},n)), the time to multiply n × n/(t^{1/(h-2)}) by n/(t^{1/(h-2)) × n matrices. Finally, we show that under popular fine-grained hypotheses, this running time is optimal.
Cite as

Keren Censor-Hillel, Tomer Even, and Virginia Vassilevska Williams. Fast Approximate Counting of Cycles. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 37:1-37:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{censorhillel_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.37,
  author =	{Censor-Hillel, Keren and Even, Tomer and Vassilevska Williams, Virginia},
  title =	{{Fast Approximate Counting of Cycles}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{37:1--37:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.37},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201809},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.37},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximate triangle counting, Approximate cycle counting Fast matrix multiplication, Fast rectangular matrix multiplication}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.41
Faster Algorithms for Dual-Failure Replacement Paths

Authors: Shiri Chechik and Tianyi Zhang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
Given a simple weighted directed graph G = (V, E, ω) on n vertices as well as two designated terminals s, t ∈ V, our goal is to compute the shortest path from s to t avoiding any pair of presumably failed edges f₁, f₂ ∈ E, which is a natural generalization of the classical replacement path problem which considers single edge failures only. This dual failure replacement paths problem was recently studied by Vassilevska Williams, Woldeghebriel and Xu [FOCS 2022] who designed a cubic time algorithm for general weighted digraphs which is conditionally optimal; in the same paper, for unweighted graphs where ω ≡ 1, the authors presented an algebraic algorithm with runtime Õ(n^{2.9146}), as well as a conditional lower bound of n^{8/3-o(1)} against combinatorial algorithms. However, it was unknown in their work whether fast matrix multiplication is necessary for a subcubic runtime in unweighted digraphs. As our primary result, we present the first truly subcubic combinatorial algorithm for dual failure replacement paths in unweighted digraphs. Our runtime is Õ(n^{3-1/18}). Besides, we also study algebraic algorithms for digraphs with small integer edge weights from {-M, -M+1, ⋯, M-1, M}. As our secondary result, we obtained a runtime of Õ(Mn^{2.8716}), which is faster than the previous bound of Õ(M^{2/3}n^{2.9144} + Mn^{2.8716}) from [Vassilevska Williams, Woldeghebriela and Xu, 2022].
Cite as

Shiri Chechik and Tianyi Zhang. Faster Algorithms for Dual-Failure Replacement Paths. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 41:1-41:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{chechik_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.41,
  author =	{Chechik, Shiri and Zhang, Tianyi},
  title =	{{Faster Algorithms for Dual-Failure Replacement Paths}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{41:1--41:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.41},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201849},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.41},
  annote =	{Keywords: graph algorithms, shortest paths, replacement paths}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.54
Nearly Optimal Independence Oracle Algorithms for Edge Estimation in Hypergraphs

Authors: Holger Dell, John Lapinskas, and Kitty Meeks

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
Consider a query model of computation in which an n-vertex k-hypergraph can be accessed only via its independence oracle or via its colourful independence oracle, and each oracle query may incur a cost depending on the size of the query. Several recent results (Dell and Lapinskas, STOC 2018; Dell, Lapinskas, and Meeks, SODA 2020) give efficient algorithms to approximately count the hypergraph’s edges in the colourful setting. These algorithms immediately imply fine-grained reductions from approximate counting to decision, with overhead only log^Θ(k) n over the running time n^α of the original decision algorithm, for many well-studied problems including k-Orthogonal Vectors, k-SUM, subgraph isomorphism problems including k-Clique and colourful-H, graph motifs, and k-variable first-order model checking. We explore the limits of what is achievable in this setting, obtaining unconditional lower bounds on the oracle cost of algorithms to approximately count the hypergraph’s edges in both the colourful and uncoloured settings. In both settings, we also obtain algorithms which essentially match these lower bounds; in the colourful setting, this requires significant changes to the algorithm of Dell, Lapinskas, and Meeks (SODA 2020) and reduces the total overhead to log^{Θ(k-α)}n. Our lower bound for the uncoloured setting shows that there is no fine-grained reduction from approximate counting to the corresponding uncoloured decision problem (except in the case α ≥ k-1): without an algorithm for the colourful decision problem, we cannot hope to avoid the much larger overhead of roughly n^{(k-α)²/4}. The uncoloured setting has previously been studied for the special case k = 2 (Peled, Ramamoorthy, Rashtchian, Sinha, ITCS 2018; Chen, Levi, and Waingarten, SODA 2020), and our work generalises the existing algorithms and lower bounds for this special case to k > 2 and to oracles with cost.
Cite as

Holger Dell, John Lapinskas, and Kitty Meeks. Nearly Optimal Independence Oracle Algorithms for Edge Estimation in Hypergraphs. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 54:1-54:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{dell_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.54,
  author =	{Dell, Holger and Lapinskas, John and Meeks, Kitty},
  title =	{{Nearly Optimal Independence Oracle Algorithms for Edge Estimation in Hypergraphs}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{54:1--54:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.54},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201977},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.54},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph oracles, Fine-grained complexity, Approximate counting, Hypergraphs}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.17
Vital Edges for (s,t)-Mincut: Efficient Algorithms, Compact Structures, & Optimal Sensitivity Oracles

Authors: Surender Baswana and Koustav Bhanja

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
Let G be a directed weighted graph on n vertices and m edges with designated source and sink vertices s and t. An edge in G is vital if its removal reduces the capacity of (s,t)-mincut. Since the seminal work of Ford and Fulkerson [CJM 1956], a long line of work has been done on computing the most vital edge and all vital edges of G. However, even after 60 years, the existing results are for either undirected or unweighted graphs. We present the following result for directed weighted graphs that also solves an open problem by Ausiello, Franciosa, Lari, and Ribichini [NETWORKS 2019]. 1. Algorithmic Results: There is an algorithm that computes all vital edges as well as the most vital edge of G using {O}(n) maximum (s,t)-flow computations. Vital edges play a crucial role in the design of sensitivity oracle for (s,t)-mincut - a compact data structure for reporting (s,t)-mincut after insertion/failure of any edge. For directed graphs, the only existing sensitivity oracle is for unweighted graphs by Picard and Queyranne [MPS 1982]. We present the first and optimal sensitivity oracle for directed weighted graphs as follows. 2. Sensitivity Oracles: a) There is an optimal O(n²) space data structure that can report an (s,t)-mincut C in O(|C|) time after the failure/insertion of any edge. b) There is an O(n) space data structure that can report the capacity of (s,t)-mincut after failure or insertion of any edge e in O(1) time if the capacity of edge e is known. A mincut for a vital edge e is an (s,t)-cut of the least capacity in which edge e is outgoing. For unweighted graphs, in a classical work, Picard and Queyranne [MPS 1982] designed an O(m) space directed acyclic graph (DAG) that stores and characterizes all mincuts for all vital edges. Conversely, there is a set containing at most n-1 (s,t)-cuts such that at least one mincut for every vital edge belongs to the set. We generalize these results for directed weighted graphs as follows. 3. Structural & Combinatorial Results: a) There is a set M containing at most n-1 (s,t)-cuts such that at least one mincut for every vital edge belongs to the set. This bound is tight as well. We also show that set M can be computed using O(n) maximum (s,t)-flow computations. b) We design two compact structures for storing and characterizing all mincuts for all vital edges - (i) an O(m) space DAG for partial and (ii) an O(mn) space structure for complete characterization. To arrive at our results, we develop new techniques, especially a generalization of maxflow-mincut Theorem by Ford and Fulkerson [CJM 1956], which might be of independent interest.
Cite as

Surender Baswana and Koustav Bhanja. Vital Edges for (s,t)-Mincut: Efficient Algorithms, Compact Structures, & Optimal Sensitivity Oracles. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 17:1-17:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{baswana_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.17,
  author =	{Baswana, Surender and Bhanja, Koustav},
  title =	{{Vital Edges for (s,t)-Mincut: Efficient Algorithms, Compact Structures, \& Optimal Sensitivity Oracles}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201601},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: maxflow, vital edges, graph algorithms, structures, st-cuts, sensitivity oracle}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.18
It’s Hard to HAC Average Linkage!

Authors: MohammadHossein Bateni, Laxman Dhulipala, Kishen N. Gowda, D. Ellis Hershkowitz, Rajesh Jayaram, and Jakub Łącki

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
Average linkage Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) is an extensively studied and applied method for hierarchical clustering. Recent applications to massive datasets have driven significant interest in near-linear-time and efficient parallel algorithms for average linkage HAC. We provide hardness results that rule out such algorithms. On the sequential side, we establish a runtime lower bound of n^{3/2-ε} on n node graphs for sequential combinatorial algorithms under standard fine-grained complexity assumptions. This essentially matches the best-known running time for average linkage HAC. On the parallel side, we prove that average linkage HAC likely cannot be parallelized even on simple graphs by showing that it is CC-hard on trees of diameter 4. On the possibility side, we demonstrate that average linkage HAC can be efficiently parallelized (i.e., it is in NC) on paths and can be solved in near-linear time when the height of the output cluster hierarchy is small.
Cite as

MohammadHossein Bateni, Laxman Dhulipala, Kishen N. Gowda, D. Ellis Hershkowitz, Rajesh Jayaram, and Jakub Łącki. It’s Hard to HAC Average Linkage!. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 18:1-18:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bateni_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.18,
  author =	{Bateni, MohammadHossein and Dhulipala, Laxman and Gowda, Kishen N. and Hershkowitz, D. Ellis and Jayaram, Rajesh and {\L}\k{a}cki, Jakub},
  title =	{{It’s Hard to HAC Average Linkage!}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201613},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: Clustering, Hierarchical Graph Clustering, HAC, Fine-Grained Complexity, Parallel Algorithms, CC}
}
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