Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)
Aniket Basu Roy. Covering Simple Orthogonal Polygons with Rectangles. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 2:1-2:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{basuroy:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.2,
author = {Basu Roy, Aniket},
title = {{Covering Simple Orthogonal Polygons with Rectangles}},
booktitle = {Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
pages = {2:1--2:23},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-397-3},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {353},
editor = {Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.2},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-243686},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.2},
annote = {Keywords: Polygon Covering, Approximation Algorithms, Orthogonal Polygons, Rectangles, Local Search, Planar Supports}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 349, 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025)
Sayan Bandyapadhyay and Eli Mitchell. Approximation and Parameterized Algorithms for Covering with Disks of Two Types of Radii. In 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 349, pp. 7:1-7:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{bandyapadhyay_et_al:LIPIcs.WADS.2025.7,
author = {Bandyapadhyay, Sayan and Mitchell, Eli},
title = {{Approximation and Parameterized Algorithms for Covering with Disks of Two Types of Radii}},
booktitle = {19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025)},
pages = {7:1--7:14},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-398-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {349},
editor = {Morin, Pat and Oh, Eunjin},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.7},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-242386},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.7},
annote = {Keywords: Covering, Disks, Approximation, FPT}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 349, 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025)
Anna Brötzner, Robert Ganian, Thekla Hamm, Fabian Klute, and Irene Parada. Crossing and Independent Families Among Polygons. In 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 349, pp. 11:1-11:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{brotzner_et_al:LIPIcs.WADS.2025.11,
author = {Br\"{o}tzner, Anna and Ganian, Robert and Hamm, Thekla and Klute, Fabian and Parada, Irene},
title = {{Crossing and Independent Families Among Polygons}},
booktitle = {19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025)},
pages = {11:1--11:15},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-398-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {349},
editor = {Morin, Pat and Oh, Eunjin},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.11},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-242424},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.11},
annote = {Keywords: crossing families, crossing-free matchings, segment intersection graphs, computational geometry, parameterized algorithms}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 349, 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025)
Emanuel Castelo, Oscar Defrain, and Guilherme C. M. Gomes. Enumerating Minimal Dominating Sets and Variants in Chordal Bipartite Graphs. In 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 349, pp. 15:1-15:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{castelo_et_al:LIPIcs.WADS.2025.15,
author = {Castelo, Emanuel and Defrain, Oscar and C. M. Gomes, Guilherme},
title = {{Enumerating Minimal Dominating Sets and Variants in Chordal Bipartite Graphs}},
booktitle = {19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025)},
pages = {15:1--15:15},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-398-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {349},
editor = {Morin, Pat and Oh, Eunjin},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.15},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-242467},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.15},
annote = {Keywords: algorithmic enumeration, minimal dominating sets, connected dominating sets, total dominating sets, chordal bipartite graphs, sequential method, polynomial delay}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 345, 50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025)
Michael Lampis, Valia Mitsou, Edouard Nemery, Yota Otachi, Manolis Vasilakis, and Daniel Vaz. Parameterized Spanning Tree Congestion. In 50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 345, pp. 65:1-65:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{lampis_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.65,
author = {Lampis, Michael and Mitsou, Valia and Nemery, Edouard and Otachi, Yota and Vasilakis, Manolis and Vaz, Daniel},
title = {{Parameterized Spanning Tree Congestion}},
booktitle = {50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025)},
pages = {65:1--65:20},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-388-1},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {345},
editor = {Gawrychowski, Pawe{\l} and Mazowiecki, Filip and Skrzypczak, Micha{\l}},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.65},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-241724},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.65},
annote = {Keywords: Parameterized Complexity, Treewidth, Graph Width Parameters}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 345, 50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025)
Yael Kirkpatrick and Virginia Vassilevska Williams. Shortest Paths in Multimode Graphs. In 50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 345, pp. 63:1-63:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{kirkpatrick_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.63,
author = {Kirkpatrick, Yael and Vassilevska Williams, Virginia},
title = {{Shortest Paths in Multimode Graphs}},
booktitle = {50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025)},
pages = {63:1--63:16},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-388-1},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {345},
editor = {Gawrychowski, Pawe{\l} and Mazowiecki, Filip and Skrzypczak, Micha{\l}},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.63},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-241703},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.63},
annote = {Keywords: Graph Algorithms, Shortest Paths, Diameter, Radius, Fine-Grained Complexity}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 332, 41st International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2025)
Konrad Anand, Weiming Feng, Graham Freifeld, Heng Guo, Mark Jerrum, and Jiaheng Wang. Rapid Mixing of the Flip Chain over Non-Crossing Spanning Trees. In 41st International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 332, pp. 8:1-8:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{anand_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2025.8,
author = {Anand, Konrad and Feng, Weiming and Freifeld, Graham and Guo, Heng and Jerrum, Mark and Wang, Jiaheng},
title = {{Rapid Mixing of the Flip Chain over Non-Crossing Spanning Trees}},
booktitle = {41st International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2025)},
pages = {8:1--8:18},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-370-6},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {332},
editor = {Aichholzer, Oswin and Wang, Haitao},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2025.8},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-231607},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2025.8},
annote = {Keywords: non-crossing spanning trees, Markov chain, mixing time}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 332, 41st International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2025)
J. Mark Keil and Debajyoti Mondal. The Maximum Clique Problem in a Disk Graph Made Easy. In 41st International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 332, pp. 63:1-63:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{keil_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2025.63,
author = {Keil, J. Mark and Mondal, Debajyoti},
title = {{The Maximum Clique Problem in a Disk Graph Made Easy}},
booktitle = {41st International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2025)},
pages = {63:1--63:16},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-370-6},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {332},
editor = {Aichholzer, Oswin and Wang, Haitao},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2025.63},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-232155},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2025.63},
annote = {Keywords: Geometric Intersection Graphs, Disk Graphs, Ball Graphs, Maximum Clique}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 332, 41st International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2025)
Ahmad Biniaz, Jean-Lou De Carufel, Anil Maheshwari, Michiel Smid, Shakhar Smorodinsky, and Miloš Stojaković. Polychromatic Coloring of Tuples in Hypergraphs. In 41st International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 332, pp. 19:1-19:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{biniaz_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2025.19,
author = {Biniaz, Ahmad and De Carufel, Jean-Lou and Maheshwari, Anil and Smid, Michiel and Smorodinsky, Shakhar and Stojakovi\'{c}, Milo\v{s}},
title = {{Polychromatic Coloring of Tuples in Hypergraphs}},
booktitle = {41st International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2025)},
pages = {19:1--19:17},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-370-6},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {332},
editor = {Aichholzer, Oswin and Wang, Haitao},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2025.19},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-231718},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2025.19},
annote = {Keywords: Hypergraph Coloring, Polychromatic Coloring, Geometric Hypergraphs, Cover Decomposable Hypergraphs, Epsilon Nets}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 330, 4th Symposium on Algorithmic Foundations of Dynamic Networks (SAND 2025)
Kazuhiro Kurita, Andrea Marino, Jason Schoeters, and Takeaki Uno. Spanner Enumeration for Temporal Graphs. In 4th Symposium on Algorithmic Foundations of Dynamic Networks (SAND 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 330, pp. 9:1-9:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{kurita_et_al:LIPIcs.SAND.2025.9,
author = {Kurita, Kazuhiro and Marino, Andrea and Schoeters, Jason and Uno, Takeaki},
title = {{Spanner Enumeration for Temporal Graphs}},
booktitle = {4th Symposium on Algorithmic Foundations of Dynamic Networks (SAND 2025)},
pages = {9:1--9:21},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-368-3},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {330},
editor = {Meeks, Kitty and Scheideler, Christian},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAND.2025.9},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-230621},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SAND.2025.9},
annote = {Keywords: temporal graphs, temporal spanners, one-to-all connectivity, all-to-all connectivity enumeration, NP-completeness, Dual-hardness, binary partition tree, flashlight search, polynomial delay}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 327, 42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025)
Sariel Har-Peled and Saladi Rahul. Approximating Densest Subgraph in Geometric Intersection Graphs. In 42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 327, pp. 43:1-43:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{harpeled_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2025.43,
author = {Har-Peled, Sariel and Rahul, Saladi},
title = {{Approximating Densest Subgraph in Geometric Intersection Graphs}},
booktitle = {42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025)},
pages = {43:1--43:17},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-365-2},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {327},
editor = {Beyersdorff, Olaf and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Pimentel, Elaine and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2025.43},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-228697},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2025.43},
annote = {Keywords: Geometric intersection graphs, Densest subgraph, Range searching, Approximation algorithms}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 327, 42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025)
Anastasiia Tkachenko and Haitao Wang. Dominating Set, Independent Set, Discrete k-Center, Dispersion, and Related Problems for Planar Points in Convex Position. In 42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 327, pp. 73:1-73:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)
@InProceedings{tkachenko_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2025.73,
author = {Tkachenko, Anastasiia and Wang, Haitao},
title = {{Dominating Set, Independent Set, Discrete k-Center, Dispersion, and Related Problems for Planar Points in Convex Position}},
booktitle = {42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025)},
pages = {73:1--73:20},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-365-2},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2025},
volume = {327},
editor = {Beyersdorff, Olaf and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Pimentel, Elaine and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2025.73},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-228982},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2025.73},
annote = {Keywords: Dominating set, k-center, geometric set cover, independent set, clique, vertex cover, unit-disk graphs, convex position, dispersion, maximally separated sets}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 322, 35th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2024)
Ambar Pal, Rajiv Raman, Saurabh Ray, and Karamjeet Singh. A Fast Algorithm for Computing a Planar Support for Non-Piercing Rectangles. In 35th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 322, pp. 53:1-53:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{pal_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2024.53,
author = {Pal, Ambar and Raman, Rajiv and Ray, Saurabh and Singh, Karamjeet},
title = {{A Fast Algorithm for Computing a Planar Support for Non-Piercing Rectangles}},
booktitle = {35th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2024)},
pages = {53:1--53:18},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-354-6},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {322},
editor = {Mestre, Juli\'{a}n and Wirth, Anthony},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2024.53},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-221819},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2024.53},
annote = {Keywords: Algorithms, Hypergraphs, Computational Geometry, Visualization}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 293, 40th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2024)
Suryendu Dalal, Rahul Gangopadhyay, Rajiv Raman, and Saurabh Ray. Sweeping Arrangements of Non-Piercing Regions in the Plane. In 40th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 293, pp. 45:1-45:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{dalal_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2024.45,
author = {Dalal, Suryendu and Gangopadhyay, Rahul and Raman, Rajiv and Ray, Saurabh},
title = {{Sweeping Arrangements of Non-Piercing Regions in the Plane}},
booktitle = {40th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2024)},
pages = {45:1--45:15},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-316-4},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {293},
editor = {Mulzer, Wolfgang and Phillips, Jeff M.},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2024.45},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-199900},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2024.45},
annote = {Keywords: Sweeping, Pseudodisks, Discrete Geometry, Topology}
}
Published in: LITES, Volume 8, Issue 2 (2022): Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems. Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 8, Issue 2
Arvind Adimoolam and Thao Dang. Safety Verification of Networked Control Systems by Complex Zonotopes. In LITES, Volume 8, Issue 2 (2022): Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems. Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 8, Issue 2, pp. 01:1-01:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)
@Article{adimoolam_et_al:LITES.8.2.1,
author = {Adimoolam, Arvind and Dang, Thao},
title = {{Safety Verification of Networked Control Systems by Complex Zonotopes}},
journal = {Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
pages = {01:1--01:22},
ISSN = {2199-2002},
year = {2022},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES.8.2.1},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-192934},
doi = {10.4230/LITES.8.2.1},
annote = {Keywords: Safety Verification, Networked Control System, Reachability Analysis, Complex Zonotope}
}