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Documents authored by Pilipczuk, Michał

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.43
Parameterized Approximation for Maximum Weight Independent Set of Rectangles and Segments

Authors: Jana Cslovjecsek, Michał Pilipczuk, and Karol Węgrzycki

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
In the Maximum Weight Independent Set of Rectangles problem (MWISR) we are given a weighted set of n axis-parallel rectangles in the plane. The task is to find a subset of pairwise non-overlapping rectangles with the maximum possible total weight. This problem is NP-hard and the best-known polynomial-time approximation algorithm, due to Chalermsook and Walczak [SODA 2021], achieves approximation factor 𝒪(log log n). While in the unweighted setting, constant factor approximation algorithms are known, due to Mitchell [FOCS 2021] and to Gálvez et al. [SODA 2022], it remains open to extend these techniques to the weighted setting. In this paper, we consider MWISR through the lens of parameterized approximation. Grandoni, Kratsch and Wiese [ESA 2019] gave a (1-ε)-approximation algorithm running in k^{𝒪(k/ε⁸)} n^{𝒪(1/ε⁸)} time, where k is the number of rectangles in an optimum solution. Unfortunately, their algorithm works only in the unweighted setting and they left it as an open problem to give a parameterized approximation scheme in the weighted setting. We give a parameterized approximation algorithm for MWISR that given a parameter k ∈ ℕ, finds a set of non-overlapping rectangles of weight at least (1-ε) opt_k in 2^{𝒪(k log(k/ε))} n^{𝒪(1/ε)} time, where opt_k is the maximum weight of a solution of cardinality at most k. We also propose a parameterized approximation scheme with running time 2^{𝒪(k² log(k/ε))} n^{𝒪(1)} that finds a solution with cardinality at most k and total weight at least (1-ε)opt_k for the special case of axis-parallel segments.
Cite as

Jana Cslovjecsek, Michał Pilipczuk, and Karol Węgrzycki. Parameterized Approximation for Maximum Weight Independent Set of Rectangles and Segments. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 43:1-43:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{cslovjecsek_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.43,
  author =	{Cslovjecsek, Jana and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and W\k{e}grzycki, Karol},
  title =	{{Parameterized Approximation for Maximum Weight Independent Set of Rectangles and Segments}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{43:1--43:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.43},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211146},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.43},
  annote =	{Keywords: parameterized approximation, Maximum Weight Independent Set, rectangles, segments}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.87
Parameterized Dynamic Data Structure for Split Completion

Authors: Konrad Majewski, Michał Pilipczuk, and Anna Zych-Pawlewicz

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
We design a randomized data structure that, for a fully dynamic graph G updated by edge insertions and deletions and integers k, d fixed upon initialization, maintains the answer to the Split Completion problem: whether one can add k edges to G to obtain a split graph. The data structure can be initialized on an edgeless n-vertex graph in time n ⋅ (k d ⋅ log n)^{𝒪(1)}, and the amortized time complexity of an update is 5^k ⋅ (k d ⋅ log n)^{𝒪(1)}. The answer provided by the data structure is correct with probability 1-𝒪(n^{-d}).
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Konrad Majewski, Michał Pilipczuk, and Anna Zych-Pawlewicz. Parameterized Dynamic Data Structure for Split Completion. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 87:1-87:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{majewski_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.87,
  author =	{Majewski, Konrad and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Zych-Pawlewicz, Anna},
  title =	{{Parameterized Dynamic Data Structure for Split Completion}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{87:1--87:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.87},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211587},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.87},
  annote =	{Keywords: parameterized complexity, dynamic data structures, split graphs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.47
Parameterized and Approximation Algorithms for Coverings Points with Segments in the Plane

Authors: Katarzyna Kowalska and Michał Pilipczuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 289, 41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024)

Abstract
We study parameterized and approximation algorithms for a variant of Set Cover, where the universe of elements to be covered consists of points in the plane and the sets with which the points should be covered are segments. We call this problem Segment Set Cover. We also consider a relaxation of the problem called δ-extension, where we need to cover the points by segments that are extended by a tiny fraction, but we compare the solution’s quality to the optimum without extension. For the unparameterized variant, we prove that Segment Set Cover does not admit a PTAS unless P=NP, even if we restrict segments to be axis-parallel and allow 1/2-extension. On the other hand, we show that parameterization helps for the tractability of Segment Set Cover: we give an FPT algorithm for unweighted Segment Set Cover parameterized by the solution size k, a parameterized approximation scheme for Weighted Segment Set Cover with k being the parameter, and an FPT algorithm for Weighted Segment Set Cover with δ-extension parameterized by k and δ. In the last two results, relaxing the problem is probably necessary: we prove that Weighted Segment Set Cover without any relaxation is W[1]-hard and, assuming ETH, there does not exist an algorithm running in time f(k)⋅ n^{o(k / log k)}. This holds even if one restricts attention to axis-parallel segments.
Cite as

Katarzyna Kowalska and Michał Pilipczuk. Parameterized and Approximation Algorithms for Coverings Points with Segments in the Plane. In 41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 289, pp. 47:1-47:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{kowalska_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2024.47,
  author =	{Kowalska, Katarzyna and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l}},
  title =	{{Parameterized and Approximation Algorithms for Coverings Points with Segments in the Plane}},
  booktitle =	{41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024)},
  pages =	{47:1--47:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-311-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{289},
  editor =	{Beyersdorff, Olaf and Kant\'{e}, Mamadou Moustapha and Kupferman, Orna and Lokshtanov, Daniel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.47},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-197572},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.47},
  annote =	{Keywords: Geometric Set Cover, fixed-parameter tractability, weighted parameterized problems, parameterized approximation scheme}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.33
A Parameterized Approximation Scheme for the Geometric Knapsack Problem with Wide Items

Authors: Mathieu Mari, Timothé Picavet, and Michał Pilipczuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 285, 18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023)

Abstract
We study a natural geometric variant of the classic Knapsack problem called 2D-Knapsack: we are given a set of axis-parallel rectangles and a rectangular bounding box, and the goal is to pack as many of these rectangles inside the box without overlap. Naturally, this problem is NP-complete. Recently, Grandoni et al. [ESA'19] showed that it is also 𝖶[1]-hard when parameterized by the size k of the sought packing, and they presented a parameterized approximation scheme (PAS) for the variant where we are allowed to rotate the rectangles by 90° before packing them into the box. Obtaining a PAS for the original 2D-Knapsack problem, without rotation, appears to be a challenging open question. In this work, we make progress towards this goal by showing a PAS under the following assumptions: - both the box and all the input rectangles have integral, polynomially bounded sidelengths; - every input rectangle is wide - its width is greater than its height; and - the aspect ratio of the box is bounded by a constant. Our approximation scheme relies on a mix of various parameterized and approximation techniques, including color coding, rounding, and searching for a structured near-optimum packing using dynamic programming.
Cite as

Mathieu Mari, Timothé Picavet, and Michał Pilipczuk. A Parameterized Approximation Scheme for the Geometric Knapsack Problem with Wide Items. In 18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 285, pp. 33:1-33:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{mari_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.33,
  author =	{Mari, Mathieu and Picavet, Timoth\'{e} and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l}},
  title =	{{A Parameterized Approximation Scheme for the Geometric Knapsack Problem with Wide Items}},
  booktitle =	{18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-305-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{285},
  editor =	{Misra, Neeldhara and Wahlstr\"{o}m, Magnus},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194529},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized complexity, Approximation scheme, Geometric knapsack, Color coding, Dynamic programming, Computational geometry}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.18
Space-Efficient Parameterized Algorithms on Graphs of Low Shrubdepth

Authors: Benjamin Bergougnoux, Vera Chekan, Robert Ganian, Mamadou Moustapha Kanté, Matthias Mnich, Sang-il Oum, Michał Pilipczuk, and Erik Jan van Leeuwen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 274, 31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023)

Abstract
Dynamic programming on various graph decompositions is one of the most fundamental techniques used in parameterized complexity. Unfortunately, even if we consider concepts as simple as path or tree decompositions, such dynamic programming uses space that is exponential in the decomposition’s width, and there are good reasons to believe that this is necessary. However, it has been shown that in graphs of low treedepth it is possible to design algorithms which achieve polynomial space complexity without requiring worse time complexity than their counterparts working on tree decompositions of bounded width. Here, treedepth is a graph parameter that, intuitively speaking, takes into account both the depth and the width of a tree decomposition of the graph, rather than the width alone. Motivated by the above, we consider graphs that admit clique expressions with bounded depth and label count, or equivalently, graphs of low shrubdepth. Here, shrubdepth is a bounded-depth analogue of cliquewidth, in the same way as treedepth is a bounded-depth analogue of treewidth. We show that also in this setting, bounding the depth of the decomposition is a deciding factor for improving the space complexity. More precisely, we prove that on n-vertex graphs equipped with a tree-model (a decomposition notion underlying shrubdepth) of depth d and using k labels, - Independent Set can be solved in time 2^𝒪(dk) ⋅ n^𝒪(1) using 𝒪(dk²log n) space; - Max Cut can be solved in time n^𝒪(dk) using 𝒪(dk log n) space; and - Dominating Set can be solved in time 2^𝒪(dk) ⋅ n^𝒪(1) using n^𝒪(1) space via a randomized algorithm. We also establish a lower bound, conditional on a certain assumption about the complexity of Longest Common Subsequence, which shows that at least in the case of Independent Set the exponent of the parametric factor in the time complexity has to grow with d if one wishes to keep the space complexity polynomial.
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Benjamin Bergougnoux, Vera Chekan, Robert Ganian, Mamadou Moustapha Kanté, Matthias Mnich, Sang-il Oum, Michał Pilipczuk, and Erik Jan van Leeuwen. Space-Efficient Parameterized Algorithms on Graphs of Low Shrubdepth. In 31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 274, pp. 18:1-18:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{bergougnoux_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2023.18,
  author =	{Bergougnoux, Benjamin and Chekan, Vera and Ganian, Robert and Kant\'{e}, Mamadou Moustapha and Mnich, Matthias and Oum, Sang-il and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and van Leeuwen, Erik Jan},
  title =	{{Space-Efficient Parameterized Algorithms on Graphs of Low Shrubdepth}},
  booktitle =	{31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-295-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{274},
  editor =	{G{\o}rtz, Inge Li and Farach-Colton, Martin and Puglisi, Simon J. and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-186710},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized complexity, shrubdepth, space complexity, algebraic methods}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.27
Parameterized Complexity of Binary CSP: Vertex Cover, Treedepth, and Related Parameters

Authors: Hans L. Bodlaender, Carla Groenland, and Michał Pilipczuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
We investigate the parameterized complexity of Binary CSP parameterized by the vertex cover number and the treedepth of the constraint graph, as well as by a selection of related modulator-based parameters. The main findings are as follows: - Binary CSP parameterized by the vertex cover number is W[3]-complete. More generally, for every positive integer d, Binary CSP parameterized by the size of a modulator to a treedepth-d graph is W[2d+1]-complete. This provides a new family of natural problems that are complete for odd levels of the W-hierarchy. - We introduce a new complexity class XSLP, defined so that Binary CSP parameterized by treedepth is complete for this class. We provide two equivalent characterizations of XSLP: the first one relates XSLP to a model of an alternating Turing machine with certain restrictions on conondeterminism and space complexity, while the second one links XSLP to the problem of model-checking first-order logic with suitably restricted universal quantification. Interestingly, the proof of the machine characterization of XSLP uses the concept of universal trees, which are prominently featured in the recent work on parity games. - We describe a new complexity hierarchy sandwiched between the W-hierarchy and the A-hierarchy: For every odd t, we introduce a parameterized complexity class S[t] with W[t] ⊆ S[t] ⊆ A[t], defined using a parameter that interpolates between the vertex cover number and the treedepth. We expect that many of the studied classes will be useful in the future for pinpointing the complexity of various structural parameterizations of graph problems.
Cite as

Hans L. Bodlaender, Carla Groenland, and Michał Pilipczuk. Parameterized Complexity of Binary CSP: Vertex Cover, Treedepth, and Related Parameters. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 27:1-27:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{bodlaender_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.27,
  author =	{Bodlaender, Hans L. and Groenland, Carla and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l}},
  title =	{{Parameterized Complexity of Binary CSP: Vertex Cover, Treedepth, and Related Parameters}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-180798},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized Complexity, Constraint Satisfaction Problems, Binary CSP, List Coloring, Vertex Cover, Treedepth, W-hierarchy}
}
Document
Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.128
Flipper Games for Monadically Stable Graph Classes

Authors: Jakub Gajarský, Nikolas Mählmann, Rose McCarty, Pierre Ohlmann, Michał Pilipczuk, Wojciech Przybyszewski, Sebastian Siebertz, Marek Sokołowski, and Szymon Toruńczyk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
A class of graphs C is monadically stable if for every unary expansion Ĉ of C, one cannot encode - using first-order transductions - arbitrarily long linear orders in graphs from C. It is known that nowhere dense graph classes are monadically stable; these include classes of bounded maximum degree and classes that exclude a fixed topological minor. On the other hand, monadic stability is a property expressed in purely model-theoretic terms that is also suited for capturing structure in dense graphs. In this work we provide a characterization of monadic stability in terms of the Flipper game: a game on a graph played by Flipper, who in each round can complement the edge relation between any pair of vertex subsets, and Localizer, who in each round is forced to restrict the game to a ball of bounded radius. This is an analog of the Splitter game, which characterizes nowhere dense classes of graphs (Grohe, Kreutzer, and Siebertz, J. ACM '17). We give two different proofs of our main result. The first proof is based on tools borrowed from model theory, and it exposes an additional property of monadically stable graph classes that is close in spirit to definability of types. Also, as a byproduct, we show that monadic stability for graph classes coincides with monadic stability of existential formulas with two free variables, and we provide another combinatorial characterization of monadic stability via forbidden patterns. The second proof relies on the recently introduced notion of flip-flatness (Dreier, Mählmann, Siebertz, and Toruńczyk, arXiv 2206.13765) and provides an efficient algorithm to compute Flipper’s moves in a winning strategy.
Cite as

Jakub Gajarský, Nikolas Mählmann, Rose McCarty, Pierre Ohlmann, Michał Pilipczuk, Wojciech Przybyszewski, Sebastian Siebertz, Marek Sokołowski, and Szymon Toruńczyk. Flipper Games for Monadically Stable Graph Classes. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 128:1-128:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{gajarsky_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.128,
  author =	{Gajarsk\'{y}, Jakub and M\"{a}hlmann, Nikolas and McCarty, Rose and Ohlmann, Pierre and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Przybyszewski, Wojciech and Siebertz, Sebastian and Soko{\l}owski, Marek and Toru\'{n}czyk, Szymon},
  title =	{{Flipper Games for Monadically Stable Graph Classes}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{128:1--128:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.128},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181804},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.128},
  annote =	{Keywords: Stability theory, structural graph theory, games}
}
Document
Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.135
Canonical Decompositions in Monadically Stable and Bounded Shrubdepth Graph Classes

Authors: Pierre Ohlmann, Michał Pilipczuk, Wojciech Przybyszewski, and Szymon Toruńczyk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
We use model-theoretic tools originating from stability theory to derive a result we call the Finitary Substitute Lemma, which intuitively says the following. Suppose we work in a stable graph class 𝒞, and using a first-order formula φ with parameters we are able to define, in every graph G ∈ 𝒞, a relation R that satisfies some hereditary first-order assertion ψ. Then we are able to find a first-order formula φ' that has the same property, but additionally is finitary: there is finite bound k ∈ ℕ such that in every graph G ∈ 𝒞, different choices of parameters give only at most k different relations R that can be defined using φ'. We use the Finitary Substitute Lemma to derive two corollaries about the existence of certain canonical decompositions in classes of well-structured graphs. - We prove that in the Splitter game, which characterizes nowhere dense graph classes, and in the Flipper game, which characterizes monadically stable graph classes, there is a winning strategy for Splitter, respectively Flipper, that can be defined in first-order logic from the game history. Thus, the strategy is canonical. - We show that for any fixed graph class 𝒞 of bounded shrubdepth, there is an 𝒪(n²)-time algorithm that given an n-vertex graph G ∈ 𝒞, computes in an isomorphism-invariant way a structure H of bounded treedepth in which G can be interpreted. A corollary of this result is an 𝒪(n²)-time isomorphism test and canonization algorithm for any fixed class of bounded shrubdepth.
Cite as

Pierre Ohlmann, Michał Pilipczuk, Wojciech Przybyszewski, and Szymon Toruńczyk. Canonical Decompositions in Monadically Stable and Bounded Shrubdepth Graph Classes. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 135:1-135:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{ohlmann_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.135,
  author =	{Ohlmann, Pierre and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Przybyszewski, Wojciech and Toru\'{n}czyk, Szymon},
  title =	{{Canonical Decompositions in Monadically Stable and Bounded Shrubdepth Graph Classes}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{135:1--135:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.135},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181874},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.135},
  annote =	{Keywords: Model Theory, Stability Theory, Shrubdepth, Nowhere Dense, Monadically Stable}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2023.24
On Rational Recursive Sequences

Authors: Lorenzo Clemente, Maria Donten-Bury, Filip Mazowiecki, and Michał Pilipczuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 254, 40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023)

Abstract
We study the class of rational recursive sequences (ratrec) over the rational numbers. A ratrec sequence is defined via a system of sequences using mutually recursive equations of depth 1, where the next values are computed as rational functions of the previous values. An alternative class is that of simple ratrec sequences, where one uses a single recursive equation, however of depth k: the next value is defined as a rational function of k previous values. We conjecture that the classes ratrec and simple ratrec coincide. The main contribution of this paper is a proof of a variant of this conjecture where the initial conditions are treated symbolically, using a formal variable per sequence, while the sequences themselves consist of rational functions over those variables. While the initial conjecture does not follow from this variant, we hope that the introduced algebraic techniques may eventually be helpful in resolving the problem. The class ratrec strictly generalises a well-known class of polynomial recursive sequences (polyrec). These are defined like ratrec, but using polynomial functions instead of rational ones. One can observe that if our conjecture is true and effective, then we can improve the complexities of the zeroness and the equivalence problems for polyrec sequences. Currently, the only known upper bound is Ackermanian, which follows from results on polynomial automata. We complement this observation by proving a PSPACE lower bound for both problems for polyrec. Our lower bound construction also implies that the Skolem problem is PSPACE-hard for the polyrec class.
Cite as

Lorenzo Clemente, Maria Donten-Bury, Filip Mazowiecki, and Michał Pilipczuk. On Rational Recursive Sequences. In 40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 254, pp. 24:1-24:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{clemente_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2023.24,
  author =	{Clemente, Lorenzo and Donten-Bury, Maria and Mazowiecki, Filip and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l}},
  title =	{{On Rational Recursive Sequences}},
  booktitle =	{40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-266-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{254},
  editor =	{Berenbrink, Petra and Bouyer, Patricia and Dawar, Anuj and Kant\'{e}, Mamadou Moustapha},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2023.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-176763},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2023.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: recursive sequences, polynomial automata, zeroness problem, equivalence problem}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2023.46
Maintaining CMSO₂ Properties on Dynamic Structures with Bounded Feedback Vertex Number

Authors: Konrad Majewski, Michał Pilipczuk, and Marek Sokołowski

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 254, 40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023)

Abstract
Let 𝜑 be a sentence of CMSO₂ (monadic second-order logic with quantification over edge subsets and counting modular predicates) over the signature of graphs. We present a dynamic data structure that for a given graph G that is updated by edge insertions and edge deletions, maintains whether 𝜑 is satisfied in G. The data structure is required to correctly report the outcome only when the feedback vertex number of G does not exceed a fixed constant k, otherwise it reports that the feedback vertex number is too large. With this assumption, we guarantee amortized update time O_{𝜑,k}(log n). By combining this result with a classic theorem of Erdős and Pósa, we give a fully dynamic data structure that maintains whether a graph contains a packing of k vertex-disjoint cycles with amortized update time O_k(log n). Our data structure also works in a larger generality of relational structures over binary signatures.
Cite as

Konrad Majewski, Michał Pilipczuk, and Marek Sokołowski. Maintaining CMSO₂ Properties on Dynamic Structures with Bounded Feedback Vertex Number. In 40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 254, pp. 46:1-46:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{majewski_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2023.46,
  author =	{Majewski, Konrad and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Soko{\l}owski, Marek},
  title =	{{Maintaining CMSO₂ Properties on Dynamic Structures with Bounded Feedback Vertex Number}},
  booktitle =	{40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023)},
  pages =	{46:1--46:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-266-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{254},
  editor =	{Berenbrink, Petra and Bouyer, Patricia and Dawar, Anuj and Kant\'{e}, Mamadou Moustapha},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2023.46},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-176981},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2023.46},
  annote =	{Keywords: feedback vertex set, CMSO₂ formula, data structure, dynamic graphs, fixed-parameter tractability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2023.50
Dynamic Data Structures for Parameterized String Problems

Authors: Jędrzej Olkowski, Michał Pilipczuk, Mateusz Rychlicki, Karol Węgrzycki, and Anna Zych-Pawlewicz

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 254, 40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023)

Abstract
We revisit classic string problems considered in the area of parameterized complexity, and study them through the lens of dynamic data structures. That is, instead of asking for a static algorithm that solves the given instance efficiently, our goal is to design a data structure that efficiently maintains a solution, or reports a lack thereof, upon updates in the instance. We first consider the CLOSEST STRING problem, for which we design randomized dynamic data structures with amortized update times d^𝒪(d) and |Σ|^𝒪(d), respectively, where Σ is the alphabet and d is the assumed bound on the maximum distance. These are obtained by combining known static approaches to CLOSEST STRING with color-coding. Next, we note that from a result of Frandsen et al. [J. ACM'97] one can easily infer a meta-theorem that provides dynamic data structures for parameterized string problems with worst-case update time of the form 𝒪_k(log log n), where k is the parameter in question and n is the length of the string. We showcase the utility of this meta-theorem by giving such data structures for problems DISJOINT FACTORS and EDIT DISTANCE. We also give explicit data structures for these problems, with worst-case update times 𝒪(k 2^k log log n) and 𝒪(k²log log n), respectively. Finally, we discuss how a lower bound methodology introduced by Amarilli et al. [ICALP'21] can be used to show that obtaining update time 𝒪(f(k)) for DISJOINT FACTORS and EDIT DISTANCE is unlikely already for a constant value of the parameter k.
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Jędrzej Olkowski, Michał Pilipczuk, Mateusz Rychlicki, Karol Węgrzycki, and Anna Zych-Pawlewicz. Dynamic Data Structures for Parameterized String Problems. In 40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 254, pp. 50:1-50:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{olkowski_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2023.50,
  author =	{Olkowski, J\k{e}drzej and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Rychlicki, Mateusz and W\k{e}grzycki, Karol and Zych-Pawlewicz, Anna},
  title =	{{Dynamic Data Structures for Parameterized String Problems}},
  booktitle =	{40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-266-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{254},
  editor =	{Berenbrink, Petra and Bouyer, Patricia and Dawar, Anuj and Kant\'{e}, Mamadou Moustapha},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2023.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-177026},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2023.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized algorithms, Dynamic data structures, String problems, Closest String, Edit Distance, Disjoint Factors, Predecessor problem}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2022.6
On the Complexity of Problems on Tree-Structured Graphs

Authors: Hans L. Bodlaender, Carla Groenland, Hugo Jacob, Marcin Pilipczuk, and Michał Pilipczuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 249, 17th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2022)

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new class of parameterized problems, which we call XALP: the class of all parameterized problems that can be solved in f(k)n^O(1) time and f(k)log n space on a non-deterministic Turing Machine with access to an auxiliary stack (with only top element lookup allowed). Various natural problems on "tree-structured graphs" are complete for this class: we show that List Coloring and All-or-Nothing Flow parameterized by treewidth are XALP-complete. Moreover, Independent Set and Dominating Set parameterized by treewidth divided by log n, and Max Cut parameterized by cliquewidth are also XALP-complete. Besides finding a "natural home" for these problems, we also pave the road for future reductions. We give a number of equivalent characterisations of the class XALP, e.g., XALP is the class of problems solvable by an Alternating Turing Machine whose runs have tree size at most f(k)n^O(1) and use f(k)log n space. Moreover, we introduce "tree-shaped" variants of Weighted CNF-Satisfiability and Multicolor Clique that are XALP-complete.
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Hans L. Bodlaender, Carla Groenland, Hugo Jacob, Marcin Pilipczuk, and Michał Pilipczuk. On the Complexity of Problems on Tree-Structured Graphs. In 17th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 249, pp. 6:1-6:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{bodlaender_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2022.6,
  author =	{Bodlaender, Hans L. and Groenland, Carla and Jacob, Hugo and Pilipczuk, Marcin and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l}},
  title =	{{On the Complexity of Problems on Tree-Structured Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2022)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-260-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{249},
  editor =	{Dell, Holger and Nederlof, Jesper},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2022.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-173626},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2022.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized Complexity, Treewidth, XALP, XNLP}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.26
Polynomial Kernel for Immersion Hitting in Tournaments

Authors: Łukasz Bożyk and Michał Pilipczuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 244, 30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022)

Abstract
For a fixed simple digraph H without isolated vertices, we consider the problem of deleting arcs from a given tournament to get a digraph which does not contain H as an immersion. We prove that for every H, this problem admits a polynomial kernel when parameterized by the number of deleted arcs. The degree of the bound on the kernel size depends on H.
Cite as

Łukasz Bożyk and Michał Pilipczuk. Polynomial Kernel for Immersion Hitting in Tournaments. In 30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 244, pp. 26:1-26:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{bozyk_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2022.26,
  author =	{Bo\.{z}yk, {\L}ukasz and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l}},
  title =	{{Polynomial Kernel for Immersion Hitting in Tournaments}},
  booktitle =	{30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-247-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{244},
  editor =	{Chechik, Shiri and Navarro, Gonzalo and Rotenberg, Eva and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-169642},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: kernelization, graph immersion, tournament, protrusion}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.79
Computing Treedepth in Polynomial Space and Linear FPT Time

Authors: Wojciech Nadara, Michał Pilipczuk, and Marcin Smulewicz

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 244, 30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022)

Abstract
The treedepth of a graph G is the least possible depth of an elimination forest of G: a rooted forest on the same vertex set where every pair of vertices adjacent in G is bound by the ancestor/descendant relation. We propose an algorithm that given a graph G and an integer d, either finds an elimination forest of G of depth at most d or concludes that no such forest exists; thus the algorithm decides whether the treedepth of G is at most d. The running time is 2^𝒪(d²)⋅n^𝒪(1) and the space usage is polynomial in n. Further, by allowing randomization, the time and space complexities can be improved to 2^𝒪(d²)⋅n and d^𝒪(1)⋅n, respectively. This improves upon the algorithm of Reidl et al. [ICALP 2014], which also has time complexity 2^𝒪(d²)⋅n, but uses exponential space.
Cite as

Wojciech Nadara, Michał Pilipczuk, and Marcin Smulewicz. Computing Treedepth in Polynomial Space and Linear FPT Time. In 30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 244, pp. 79:1-79:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{nadara_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2022.79,
  author =	{Nadara, Wojciech and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Smulewicz, Marcin},
  title =	{{Computing Treedepth in Polynomial Space and Linear FPT Time}},
  booktitle =	{30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022)},
  pages =	{79:1--79:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-247-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{244},
  editor =	{Chechik, Shiri and Navarro, Gonzalo and Rotenberg, Eva and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.79},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-170175},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.79},
  annote =	{Keywords: treedepth, FPT, polynomial space}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.102
Algorithms and Data Structures for First-Order Logic with Connectivity Under Vertex Failures

Authors: Michał Pilipczuk, Nicole Schirrmacher, Sebastian Siebertz, Szymon Toruńczyk, and Alexandre Vigny

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 229, 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)

Abstract
We introduce a new data structure for answering connectivity queries in undirected graphs subject to batched vertex failures. Precisely, given any graph G and integer parameter k, we can in fixed-parameter time construct a data structure that can later be used to answer queries of the form: "are vertices s and t connected via a path that avoids vertices u₁,…, u_k?" in time 2^𝒪(k). In the terminology of the literature on data structures, this gives the first deterministic data structure for connectivity under vertex failures where for every fixed number of failures, all operations can be performed in constant time. With the aim to understand the power and the limitations of our new techniques, we prove an algorithmic meta theorem for the recently introduced separator logic, which extends first-order logic with atoms for connectivity under vertex failures. We prove that the model-checking problem for separator logic is fixed-parameter tractable on every class of graphs that exclude a fixed topological minor. We also show a weak converse. This implies that from the point of view of parameterized complexity, under standard complexity theoretical assumptions, the frontier of tractability of separator logic is almost exactly delimited by classes excluding a fixed topological minor. The backbone of our proof relies on a decomposition theorem of Cygan, Lokshtanov, Pilipczuk, Pilipczuk, and Saurabh [SICOMP '19], which provides a tree decomposition of a given graph into bags that are unbreakable. Crucially, unbreakability allows to reduce separator logic to plain first-order logic within each bag individually. Guided by this observation, we design our model-checking algorithm using dynamic programming over the tree decomposition, where the transition at each bag amounts to running a suitable model-checking subprocedure for plain first-order logic. This approach is robust enough to provide also an extension to efficient enumeration of answers to a query expressed in separator logic.
Cite as

Michał Pilipczuk, Nicole Schirrmacher, Sebastian Siebertz, Szymon Toruńczyk, and Alexandre Vigny. Algorithms and Data Structures for First-Order Logic with Connectivity Under Vertex Failures. In 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 229, pp. 102:1-102:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{pilipczuk_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.102,
  author =	{Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Schirrmacher, Nicole and Siebertz, Sebastian and Toru\'{n}czyk, Szymon and Vigny, Alexandre},
  title =	{{Algorithms and Data Structures for First-Order Logic with Connectivity Under Vertex Failures}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)},
  pages =	{102:1--102:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-235-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{229},
  editor =	{Boja\'{n}czyk, Miko{\l}aj and Merelli, Emanuela and Woodruff, David P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.102},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-164432},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.102},
  annote =	{Keywords: Combinatorics and graph theory, Computational applications of logic, Data structures, Fixed-parameter algorithms and complexity, Graph algorithms}
}
Document
Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.123
Twin-Width and Types

Authors: Jakub Gajarský, Michał Pilipczuk, Wojciech Przybyszewski, and Szymon Toruńczyk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 229, 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)

Abstract
We study problems connected to first-order logic in graphs of bounded twin-width. Inspired by the approach of Bonnet et al. [FOCS 2020], we introduce a robust methodology of local types and describe their behavior in contraction sequences - the decomposition notion underlying twin-width. We showcase the applicability of the methodology by proving the following two algorithmic results. In both statements, we fix a first-order formula φ(x_1,…,x_k) and a constant d, and we assume that on input we are given a graph G together with a contraction sequence of width at most d. - One can in time 𝒪(n) construct a data structure that can answer the following queries in time 𝒪(log log n): given w_1,…,w_k, decide whether φ(w_1,…,w_k) holds in G. - After 𝒪(n)-time preprocessing, one can enumerate all tuples w₁,…,w_k that satisfy φ(x_1,…,x_k) in G with 𝒪(1) delay. In the first case, the query time can be reduced to 𝒪(1/ε) at the expense of increasing the construction time to 𝒪(n^{1+ε}), for any fixed ε > 0. Finally, we also apply our tools to prove the following statement, which shows optimal bounds on the VC density of set systems that are first-order definable in graphs of bounded twin-width. - Let G be a graph of twin-width d, A be a subset of vertices of G, and φ(x_1,…,x_k,y_1,…,y_l) be a first-order formula. Then the number of different subsets of A^k definable by φ using l-tuples of vertices from G as parameters, is bounded by O(|A|^l).
Cite as

Jakub Gajarský, Michał Pilipczuk, Wojciech Przybyszewski, and Szymon Toruńczyk. Twin-Width and Types. In 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 229, pp. 123:1-123:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{gajarsky_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.123,
  author =	{Gajarsk\'{y}, Jakub and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Przybyszewski, Wojciech and Toru\'{n}czyk, Szymon},
  title =	{{Twin-Width and Types}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)},
  pages =	{123:1--123:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-235-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{229},
  editor =	{Boja\'{n}czyk, Miko{\l}aj and Merelli, Emanuela and Woodruff, David P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.123},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-164640},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.123},
  annote =	{Keywords: twin-width, FO logic, model checking, query answering, enumeration}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.50
Isolation Schemes for Problems on Decomposable Graphs

Authors: Jesper Nederlof, Michał Pilipczuk, Céline M. F. Swennenhuis, and Karol Węgrzycki

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 219, 39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022)

Abstract
The Isolation Lemma of Mulmuley, Vazirani and Vazirani [Combinatorica'87] provides a self-reduction scheme that allows one to assume that a given instance of a problem has a unique solution, provided a solution exists at all. Since its introduction, much effort has been dedicated towards derandomization of the Isolation Lemma for specific classes of problems. So far, the focus was mainly on problems solvable in polynomial time. In this paper, we study a setting that is more typical for NP-complete problems, and obtain partial derandomizations in the form of significantly decreasing the number of required random bits. In particular, motivated by the advances in parameterized algorithms, we focus on problems on decomposable graphs. For example, for the problem of detecting a Hamiltonian cycle, we build upon the rank-based approach from [Bodlaender et al., Inf. Comput.'15] and design isolation schemes that use - 𝒪(tlog n + log²{n}) random bits on graphs of treewidth at most t; - 𝒪(√n) random bits on planar or H-minor free graphs; and - 𝒪(n)-random bits on general graphs. In all these schemes, the weights are bounded exponentially in the number of random bits used. As a corollary, for every fixed H we obtain an algorithm for detecting a Hamiltonian cycle in an H-minor-free graph that runs in deterministic time 2^{𝒪(√n)} and uses polynomial space; this is the first algorithm to achieve such complexity guarantees. For problems of more local nature, such as finding an independent set of maximum size, we obtain isolation schemes on graphs of treedepth at most d that use 𝒪(d) random bits and assign polynomially-bounded weights. We also complement our findings with several unconditional and conditional lower bounds, which show that many of the results cannot be significantly improved.
Cite as

Jesper Nederlof, Michał Pilipczuk, Céline M. F. Swennenhuis, and Karol Węgrzycki. Isolation Schemes for Problems on Decomposable Graphs. In 39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 219, pp. 50:1-50:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{nederlof_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2022.50,
  author =	{Nederlof, Jesper and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Swennenhuis, C\'{e}line M. F. and W\k{e}grzycki, Karol},
  title =	{{Isolation Schemes for Problems on Decomposable Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-222-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{219},
  editor =	{Berenbrink, Petra and Monmege, Benjamin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-158601},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: Isolation Lemma, Derandomization, Hamiltonian Cycle, Exact Algorithms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.52
Compact Representation for Matrices of Bounded Twin-Width

Authors: Michał Pilipczuk, Marek Sokołowski, and Anna Zych-Pawlewicz

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 219, 39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022)

Abstract
For every fixed d ∈ ℕ, we design a data structure that represents a binary n × n matrix that is d-twin-ordered. The data structure occupies 𝒪_d(n) bits, which is the least one could hope for, and can be queried for entries of the matrix in time 𝒪_d(log log n) per query.
Cite as

Michał Pilipczuk, Marek Sokołowski, and Anna Zych-Pawlewicz. Compact Representation for Matrices of Bounded Twin-Width. In 39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 219, pp. 52:1-52:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{pilipczuk_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2022.52,
  author =	{Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Soko{\l}owski, Marek and Zych-Pawlewicz, Anna},
  title =	{{Compact Representation for Matrices of Bounded Twin-Width}},
  booktitle =	{39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022)},
  pages =	{52:1--52:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-222-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{219},
  editor =	{Berenbrink, Petra and Monmege, Benjamin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.52},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-158620},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.52},
  annote =	{Keywords: twin-width, compact representation, adjacency oracle}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.11.8.115
Sparsity in Algorithms, Combinatorics and Logic (Dagstuhl Seminar 21391)

Authors: Daniel Král’, Michał Pilipczuk, Sebastian Siebertz, and Blair D. Sullivan

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 11, Issue 8 (2022)

Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 21391 "Sparsity in Algorithms, Combinatorics and Logic". The seminar took place in a hybrid format from September 26 - October 1, 2021 and brought together 61 researchers. This report includes a discussion of the motivation of the seminar, presentation of the overall organization, abstracts of talks, and a report from each of the working groups.
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Daniel Král’, Michał Pilipczuk, Sebastian Siebertz, and Blair D. Sullivan. Sparsity in Algorithms, Combinatorics and Logic (Dagstuhl Seminar 21391). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 11, Issue 8, pp. 115-128, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{kral'_et_al:DagRep.11.8.115,
  author =	{Kr\'{a}l’, Daniel and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Siebertz, Sebastian and Sullivan, Blair D.},
  title =	{{Sparsity in Algorithms, Combinatorics and Logic (Dagstuhl Seminar 21391)}},
  pages =	{115--128},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{11},
  number =	{8},
  editor =	{Kr\'{a}l’, Daniel and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Siebertz, Sebastian and Sullivan, Blair D.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.11.8.115},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-157718},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.11.8.115},
  annote =	{Keywords: Algorithm design, Parameterised complexity, Sparse graphs, Graph decompositions, Model theory}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2021.20
Dynamic Data Structures for Timed Automata Acceptance

Authors: Alejandro Grez, Filip Mazowiecki, Michał Pilipczuk, Gabriele Puppis, and Cristian Riveros

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 214, 16th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2021)

Abstract
We study a variant of the classical membership problem in automata theory, which consists of deciding whether a given input word is accepted by a given automaton. We do so through the lenses of parameterized dynamic data structures: we assume that the automaton is fixed and its size is the parameter, while the input word is revealed as in a stream, one symbol at a time following the natural order on positions. The goal is to design a dynamic data structure that can be efficiently updated upon revealing the next symbol, while maintaining the answer to the query on whether the word consisting of symbols revealed so far is accepted by the automaton. We provide complexity bounds for this dynamic acceptance problem for timed automata that process symbols interleaved with time spans. The main contribution is a dynamic data structure that maintains acceptance of a fixed one-clock timed automaton 𝒜 with amortized update time 2^{𝒪(|𝒜|)} per input symbol.
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Alejandro Grez, Filip Mazowiecki, Michał Pilipczuk, Gabriele Puppis, and Cristian Riveros. Dynamic Data Structures for Timed Automata Acceptance. In 16th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 214, pp. 20:1-20:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{grez_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2021.20,
  author =	{Grez, Alejandro and Mazowiecki, Filip and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Puppis, Gabriele and Riveros, Cristian},
  title =	{{Dynamic Data Structures for Timed Automata Acceptance}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2021)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-216-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{214},
  editor =	{Golovach, Petr A. and Zehavi, Meirav},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2021.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-154037},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2021.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: timed automata, data stream, dynamic data structure}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2021.33
Efficient Sequential and Parallel Algorithms for Multistage Stochastic Integer Programming Using Proximity

Authors: Jana Cslovjecsek, Friedrich Eisenbrand, Michał Pilipczuk, Moritz Venzin, and Robert Weismantel

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 204, 29th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2021)

Abstract
We consider the problem of solving integer programs of the form min {c^⊺ x : Ax = b, x ∈ ℤ_{⩾ 0}}, where A is a multistage stochastic matrix in the following sense: the primal treedepth of A is bounded by a parameter d, which means that the columns of A can be organized into a rooted forest of depth at most d so that columns not bound by the ancestor/descendant relation do not have non-zero entries in the same row. We give an algorithm that solves this problem in fixed-parameter time f(d,‖A‖_{∞})⋅ nlog^{𝒪(2^d)} n, where f is a computable function and n is the number of rows of A. The algorithm works in the strong model, where the running time only measures unit arithmetic operations on the input numbers and does not depend on their bitlength. This is the first fpt algorithm for multistage stochastic integer programming to achieve almost linear running time in the strong sense. For two-stage stochastic integer programs, our algorithm works in time 2^{((r+s)‖A‖_∞)^{𝒪(r(r+s))}}⋅ nlog^{𝒪(rs)} n, which improves over previous methods both in terms of the polynomial factor and in terms of the dependence on r and s. In fact, for r = 1 the dependence on s is asymptotically almost tight assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis. Our algorithm can be also parallelized: we give an implementation in the PRAM model that achieves running time f(d,‖A‖_{∞})⋅ log^{𝒪(2^d)} n using n processors. The main conceptual ingredient in our algorithms is a new proximity result for multistage stochastic integer programs. We prove that if we consider an integer program P, say with a constraint matrix A, then for every optimum solution to the linear relaxation of P there exists an optimum (integral) solution to P that lies, in the 𝓁_{∞}-norm, within distance bounded by a function of ‖A‖_{∞} and the primal treedepth of A. On the way to achieve this result, we prove a generalization and considerable improvement of a structural result of Klein for multistage stochastic integer programs. Once the proximity results are established, this allows us to apply a treedepth-based branching strategy guided by an optimum solution to the linear relaxation.
Cite as

Jana Cslovjecsek, Friedrich Eisenbrand, Michał Pilipczuk, Moritz Venzin, and Robert Weismantel. Efficient Sequential and Parallel Algorithms for Multistage Stochastic Integer Programming Using Proximity. In 29th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 204, pp. 33:1-33:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{cslovjecsek_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2021.33,
  author =	{Cslovjecsek, Jana and Eisenbrand, Friedrich and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Venzin, Moritz and Weismantel, Robert},
  title =	{{Efficient Sequential and Parallel Algorithms for Multistage Stochastic Integer Programming Using Proximity}},
  booktitle =	{29th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2021)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-204-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{204},
  editor =	{Mutzel, Petra and Pagh, Rasmus and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2021.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-146146},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2021.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: parameterized algorithm, multistage stochastic programming, proximity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.35
Finding Large H-Colorable Subgraphs in Hereditary Graph Classes

Authors: Maria Chudnovsky, Jason King, Michał Pilipczuk, Paweł Rzążewski, and Sophie Spirkl

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 173, 28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2020)

Abstract
We study the Max Partial H-Coloring problem: given a graph G, find the largest induced subgraph of G that admits a homomorphism into H, where H is a fixed pattern graph without loops. Note that when H is a complete graph on k vertices, the problem reduces to finding the largest induced k-colorable subgraph, which for k = 2 is equivalent (by complementation) to Odd Cycle Transversal. We prove that for every fixed pattern graph H without loops, Max Partial H-Coloring can be solved: - in {P₅,F}-free graphs in polynomial time, whenever F is a threshold graph; - in {P₅,bull}-free graphs in polynomial time; - in P₅-free graphs in time n^𝒪(ω(G)); - in {P₆,1-subdivided claw}-free graphs in time n^𝒪(ω(G)³). Here, n is the number of vertices of the input graph G and ω(G) is the maximum size of a clique in G. Furthermore, by combining the mentioned algorithms for P₅-free and for {P₆,1-subdivided claw}-free graphs with a simple branching procedure, we obtain subexponential-time algorithms for Max Partial H-Coloring in these classes of graphs. Finally, we show that even a restricted variant of Max Partial H-Coloring is NP-hard in the considered subclasses of P₅-free graphs, if we allow loops on H.
Cite as

Maria Chudnovsky, Jason King, Michał Pilipczuk, Paweł Rzążewski, and Sophie Spirkl. Finding Large H-Colorable Subgraphs in Hereditary Graph Classes. In 28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 173, pp. 35:1-35:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{chudnovsky_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2020.35,
  author =	{Chudnovsky, Maria and King, Jason and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Rz\k{a}\.{z}ewski, Pawe{\l} and Spirkl, Sophie},
  title =	{{Finding Large H-Colorable Subgraphs in Hereditary Graph Classes}},
  booktitle =	{28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2020)},
  pages =	{35:1--35:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-162-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{173},
  editor =	{Grandoni, Fabrizio and Herman, Grzegorz and Sanders, Peter},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.35},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-129019},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.35},
  annote =	{Keywords: homomorphisms, hereditary graph classes, odd cycle transversal}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.78
VC Density of Set Systems Definable in Tree-Like Graphs

Authors: Adam Paszke and Michał Pilipczuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 170, 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)

Abstract
We study set systems definable in graphs using variants of logic with different expressive power. Our focus is on the notion of Vapnik-Chervonenkis density: the smallest possible degree of a polynomial bounding the cardinalities of restrictions of such set systems. On one hand, we prove that if phi(x,y) is a fixed CMSO_1 formula and C is a class of graphs with uniformly bounded cliquewidth, then the set systems defined by phi in graphs from C have VC density at most |y|, which is the smallest bound that one could expect. We also show an analogous statement for the case when phi(x,y) is a CMSO_2 formula and C is a class of graphs with uniformly bounded treewidth. We complement these results by showing that if C has unbounded cliquewidth (respectively, treewidth), then, under some mild technical assumptions on C, the set systems definable by CMSO_1 (respectively, CMSO_2) formulas in graphs from C may have unbounded VC dimension, hence also unbounded VC density.
Cite as

Adam Paszke and Michał Pilipczuk. VC Density of Set Systems Definable in Tree-Like Graphs. In 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 170, pp. 78:1-78:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{paszke_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.78,
  author =	{Paszke, Adam and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l}},
  title =	{{VC Density of Set Systems Definable in Tree-Like Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)},
  pages =	{78:1--78:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-159-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{170},
  editor =	{Esparza, Javier and Kr\'{a}l', Daniel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.78},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-127473},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.78},
  annote =	{Keywords: treewidth, cliquewidth, definable sets, Vapnik-Chervonenkis density}
}
Document
Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.117
On Polynomial Recursive Sequences

Authors: Michaël Cadilhac, Filip Mazowiecki, Charles Paperman, Michał Pilipczuk, and Géraud Sénizergues

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 168, 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)

Abstract
We study the expressive power of polynomial recursive sequences, a nonlinear extension of the well-known class of linear recursive sequences. These sequences arise naturally in the study of nonlinear extensions of weighted automata, where (non)expressiveness results translate to class separations. A typical example of a polynomial recursive sequence is b_n = n!. Our main result is that the sequence u_n = nⁿ is not polynomial recursive.
Cite as

Michaël Cadilhac, Filip Mazowiecki, Charles Paperman, Michał Pilipczuk, and Géraud Sénizergues. On Polynomial Recursive Sequences. In 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 168, pp. 117:1-117:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{cadilhac_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.117,
  author =	{Cadilhac, Micha\"{e}l and Mazowiecki, Filip and Paperman, Charles and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and S\'{e}nizergues, G\'{e}raud},
  title =	{{On Polynomial Recursive Sequences}},
  booktitle =	{47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)},
  pages =	{117:1--117:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-138-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{168},
  editor =	{Czumaj, Artur and Dawar, Anuj and Merelli, Emanuela},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.117},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-125240},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.117},
  annote =	{Keywords: recursive sequences, expressive power, weighted automata, higher-order pushdown automata}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2019.23
Subexponential-Time Algorithms for Finding Large Induced Sparse Subgraphs

Authors: Jana Novotná, Karolina Okrasa, Michał Pilipczuk, Paweł Rzążewski, Erik Jan van Leeuwen, and Bartosz Walczak

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 148, 14th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2019)

Abstract
Let C and D be hereditary graph classes. Consider the following problem: given a graph G in D, find a largest, in terms of the number of vertices, induced subgraph of G that belongs to C. We prove that it can be solved in 2^{o(n)} time, where n is the number of vertices of G, if the following conditions are satisfied: - the graphs in C are sparse, i.e., they have linearly many edges in terms of the number of vertices; - the graphs in D admit balanced separators of size governed by their density, e.g., O(Delta) or O(sqrt{m}), where Delta and m denote the maximum degree and the number of edges, respectively; and - the considered problem admits a single-exponential fixed-parameter algorithm when parameterized by the treewidth of the input graph. This leads, for example, to the following corollaries for specific classes C and D: - a largest induced forest in a P_t-free graph can be found in 2^{O~(n^{2/3})} time, for every fixed t; and - a largest induced planar graph in a string graph can be found in 2^{O~(n^{3/4})} time.
Cite as

Jana Novotná, Karolina Okrasa, Michał Pilipczuk, Paweł Rzążewski, Erik Jan van Leeuwen, and Bartosz Walczak. Subexponential-Time Algorithms for Finding Large Induced Sparse Subgraphs. In 14th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 148, pp. 23:1-23:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{novotna_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2019.23,
  author =	{Novotn\'{a}, Jana and Okrasa, Karolina and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Rz\k{a}\.{z}ewski, Pawe{\l} and van Leeuwen, Erik Jan and Walczak, Bartosz},
  title =	{{Subexponential-Time Algorithms for Finding Large Induced Sparse Subgraphs}},
  booktitle =	{14th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2019)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:11},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-129-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{148},
  editor =	{Jansen, Bart M. P. and Telle, Jan Arne},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2019.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-114845},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2019.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: subexponential algorithm, feedback vertex set, P\underlinet-free graphs, string graphs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.26
On Geometric Set Cover for Orthants

Authors: Karl Bringmann, Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak, Michał Pilipczuk, and Erik Jan van Leeuwen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 144, 27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019)

Abstract
We study SET COVER for orthants: Given a set of points in a d-dimensional Euclidean space and a set of orthants of the form (-infty,p_1] x ... x (-infty,p_d], select a minimum number of orthants so that every point is contained in at least one selected orthant. This problem draws its motivation from applications in multi-objective optimization problems. While for d=2 the problem can be solved in polynomial time, for d>2 no algorithm is known that avoids the enumeration of all size-k subsets of the input to test whether there is a set cover of size k. Our contribution is a precise understanding of the complexity of this problem in any dimension d >= 3, when k is considered a parameter: - For d=3, we give an algorithm with runtime n^O(sqrt{k}), thus avoiding exhaustive enumeration. - For d=3, we prove a tight lower bound of n^Omega(sqrt{k}) (assuming ETH). - For d >=slant 4, we prove a tight lower bound of n^Omega(k) (assuming ETH). Here n is the size of the set of points plus the size of the set of orthants. The first statement comes as a corollary of a more general result: an algorithm for SET COVER for half-spaces in dimension 3. In particular, we show that given a set of points U in R^3, a set of half-spaces D in R^3, and an integer k, one can decide whether U can be covered by the union of at most k half-spaces from D in time |D|^O(sqrt{k})* |U|^O(1). We also study approximation for SET COVER for orthants. While in dimension 3 a PTAS can be inferred from existing results, we show that in dimension 4 and larger, there is no 1.05-approximation algorithm with runtime f(k)* n^o(k) for any computable f, where k is the optimum.
Cite as

Karl Bringmann, Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak, Michał Pilipczuk, and Erik Jan van Leeuwen. On Geometric Set Cover for Orthants. In 27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 144, pp. 26:1-26:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{bringmann_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2019.26,
  author =	{Bringmann, Karl and Kisfaludi-Bak, S\'{a}ndor and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and van Leeuwen, Erik Jan},
  title =	{{On Geometric Set Cover for Orthants}},
  booktitle =	{27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-124-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{144},
  editor =	{Bender, Michael A. and Svensson, Ola and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-111476},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Set Cover, parameterized complexity, algorithms, Exponential Time Hypothesis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.33
Efficient Approximation Schemes for Uniform-Cost Clustering Problems in Planar Graphs

Authors: Vincent Cohen-Addad, Marcin Pilipczuk, and Michał Pilipczuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 144, 27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019)

Abstract
We consider the k-Median problem on planar graphs: given an edge-weighted planar graph G, a set of clients C subseteq V(G), a set of facilities F subseteq V(G), and an integer parameter k, the task is to find a set of at most k facilities whose opening minimizes the total connection cost of clients, where each client contributes to the cost with the distance to the closest open facility. We give two new approximation schemes for this problem: - FPT Approximation Scheme: for any epsilon>0, in time 2^{O(k epsilon^{-3} log (k epsilon^{-1}))}* n^O(1) we can compute a solution that has connection cost at most (1+epsilon) times the optimum, with high probability. - Efficient Bicriteria Approximation Scheme: for any epsilon>0, in time 2^{O(epsilon^{-5} log (epsilon^{-1}))}* n^O(1) we can compute a set of at most (1+epsilon)k facilities whose opening yields connection cost at most (1+epsilon) times the optimum connection cost for opening at most k facilities, with high probability. As a direct corollary of the second result we obtain an EPTAS for Uniform Facility Location on planar graphs, with same running time. Our main technical tool is a new construction of a "coreset for facilities" for k-Median in planar graphs: we show that in polynomial time one can compute a subset of facilities F_0 subseteq F of size k * (log n/epsilon)^O(epsilon^{-3}) with a guarantee that there is a (1+epsilon)-approximate solution contained in F_0.
Cite as

Vincent Cohen-Addad, Marcin Pilipczuk, and Michał Pilipczuk. Efficient Approximation Schemes for Uniform-Cost Clustering Problems in Planar Graphs. In 27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 144, pp. 33:1-33:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{cohenaddad_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2019.33,
  author =	{Cohen-Addad, Vincent and Pilipczuk, Marcin and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l}},
  title =	{{Efficient Approximation Schemes for Uniform-Cost Clustering Problems in Planar Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-124-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{144},
  editor =	{Bender, Michael A. and Svensson, Ola and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-111543},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: k-Median, Facility Location, Planar Graphs, Approximation Scheme}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2019.28
Reachability for Bounded Branching VASS

Authors: Filip Mazowiecki and Michał Pilipczuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 140, 30th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2019)

Abstract
In this paper we consider the reachability problem for bounded branching VASS. Bounded VASS are a variant of the classic VASS model where all values in all configurations are upper bounded by a fixed natural number, encoded in binary in the input. This model gained a lot of attention in 2012 when Haase et al. showed its connections with timed automata. Later in 2013 Fearnley and Jurdziński proved that the reachability problem in this model is PSPACE-complete even in dimension 1. Here, we investigate the complexity of the reachability problem when the model is extended with branching transitions, and we prove that the problem is EXPTIME-complete when the dimension is 2 or larger.
Cite as

Filip Mazowiecki and Michał Pilipczuk. Reachability for Bounded Branching VASS. In 30th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 140, pp. 28:1-28:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{mazowiecki_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2019.28,
  author =	{Mazowiecki, Filip and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l}},
  title =	{{Reachability for Bounded Branching VASS}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2019)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-121-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{140},
  editor =	{Fokkink, Wan and van Glabbeek, Rob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2019.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-109303},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2019.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: Branching VASS, counter machines, reachability problem, bobrvass}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.27
Progressive Algorithms for Domination and Independence

Authors: Grzegorz Fabiański, Michał Pilipczuk, Sebastian Siebertz, and Szymon Toruńczyk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 126, 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)

Abstract
We consider a generic algorithmic paradigm that we call progressive exploration, which can be used to develop simple and efficient parameterized graph algorithms. We identify two model-theoretic properties that lead to efficient progressive algorithms, namely variants of the Helly property and stability. We demonstrate our approach by giving linear-time fixed-parameter algorithms for the Distance-r Dominating Set problem (parameterized by the solution size) in a wide variety of restricted graph classes, such as powers of nowhere dense classes, map graphs, and (for r=1) biclique-free graphs. Similarly, for the Distance-r Independent Set problem the technique can be used to give a linear-time fixed-parameter algorithm on any nowhere dense class. Despite the simplicity of the method, in several cases our results extend known boundaries of tractability for the considered problems and improve the best known running times.
Cite as

Grzegorz Fabiański, Michał Pilipczuk, Sebastian Siebertz, and Szymon Toruńczyk. Progressive Algorithms for Domination and Independence. In 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 126, pp. 27:1-27:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{fabianski_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2019.27,
  author =	{Fabia\'{n}ski, Grzegorz and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Siebertz, Sebastian and Toru\'{n}czyk, Szymon},
  title =	{{Progressive Algorithms for Domination and Independence}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-100-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{126},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Paul, Christophe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-102660},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dominating Set, Independent Set, nowhere denseness, stability, fixed-parameter tractability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.44
Tight Complexity Lower Bounds for Integer Linear Programming with Few Constraints

Authors: Dušan Knop, Michał Pilipczuk, and Marcin Wrochna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 126, 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)

Abstract
We consider the standard ILP Feasibility problem: given an integer linear program of the form {Ax = b, x >= 0}, where A is an integer matrix with k rows and l columns, x is a vector of l variables, and b is a vector of k integers, we ask whether there exists x in N^l that satisfies Ax = b. Each row of A specifies one linear constraint on x; our goal is to study the complexity of ILP Feasibility when both k, the number of constraints, and |A|_infty, the largest absolute value of an entry in A, are small. Papadimitriou [Christos H. Papadimitriou, 1981] was the first to give a fixed-parameter algorithm for ILP Feasibility under parameterization by the number of constraints that runs in time ((|A |_infty + |b|_infty) * k)^O(k^2). This was very recently improved by Eisenbrand and Weismantel [Friedrich Eisenbrand and Robert Weismantel, 2018], who used the Steinitz lemma to design an algorithm with running time (k |A|_infty)^{O(k)}* |b|_infty^2, which was subsequently improved by Jansen and Rohwedder [Klaus Jansen and Lars Rohwedder, 2019] to O(k |A |_infty)^k* log |b|_infty. We prove that for {0,1}-matrices A, the running time of the algorithm of Eisenbrand and Weismantel is probably optimal: an algorithm with running time 2^{o(k log k)}* (l+|{b}|_infty)^{o(k)} would contradict the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH). This improves previous non-tight lower bounds of Fomin et al. [Fedor V. Fomin et al., 2018]. We then consider integer linear programs that may have many constraints, but they need to be structured in a "shallow" way. Precisely, we consider the parameter {dual treedepth} of the matrix A, denoted td_D(A), which is the treedepth of the graph over the rows of A, where two rows are adjacent if in some column they simultaneously contain a non-zero entry. It was recently shown by Koutecký et al. [Martin Koutecký et al., 2018] that {ILP Feasibility} can be solved in time |A |_infty^{2^O(td_D(A))} * (k+l+log |b|_infty)^O(1). We present a streamlined proof of this fact and prove that, again, this running time is probably optimal: even assuming that all entries of A and {b} are in {-1,0,1}, the existence of an algorithm with running time 2^{2^o(td_D(A))} * (k+l)^O(1) would contradict the ETH.
Cite as

Dušan Knop, Michał Pilipczuk, and Marcin Wrochna. Tight Complexity Lower Bounds for Integer Linear Programming with Few Constraints. In 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 126, pp. 44:1-44:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{knop_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2019.44,
  author =	{Knop, Du\v{s}an and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Wrochna, Marcin},
  title =	{{Tight Complexity Lower Bounds for Integer Linear Programming with Few Constraints}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)},
  pages =	{44:1--44:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-100-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{126},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Paul, Christophe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.44},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-102831},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.44},
  annote =	{Keywords: integer linear programming, fixed-parameter tractability, ETH}
}
Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2018
LIPIcs, Volume 115, IPEC'18, Complete Volume

Authors: Christophe Paul and Michał Pilipczuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 115, 13th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2018)

Abstract
LIPIcs, Volume 115, IPEC'18, Complete Volume
Cite as

13th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 115, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@Proceedings{paul_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2018,
  title =	{{LIPIcs, Volume 115, IPEC'18, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{13th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2018)},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-084-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{115},
  editor =	{Paul, Christophe and Pilipczuk, Michal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2018},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-102320},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2018},
  annote =	{Keywords: Theory of computation, Complexity classes, Theory of computation, Design and analysis of algorithms, Mathematics of computing, Discrete mathematics}
}
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